Essay --

The Judges Wife a short report written by Isabel Allende presents many of the necessary techniques required to write an effective short story. Alledendes keen use of setting, calibre development, and point of view dramatically affect the focusing the reader perceives the story during crucial turning points throughout the story. Alledende uses these devices to make the theme of fate being inescapable, no matter how hard on tries to avoid it. setting, character development, and point of view play a vital role within the story and without them it would be impossible to fully understand the story.In The Judges Wife Nicolas Vidal is the main character. He was born a fatherless to a prostitute and was foretold at birth that he would lose his head to a woman. Keeping this in mind, he hardened his heart to allow no woman to come close to him emotionally. As Vindal grew up he became an outlaw and leader of a gang. On the marry day of Judge Hidalgo, Vidal looks down on the judges bride, C asilda, and is not impressed. Vidals gang have been plaguing the judges jurisdiction as well as surrounding areas despite the numerous attempts to stop Vindal. To solve this problem judge Hidalgo set a trap by caging Vidals mother in the town agora surrounded by guards. The judge believes that Vidal will come to rescue his mother, but after three days it is clear that he is not going to decide for the judges trap. Vidals mother hangs herself out of embarrassment that her son did not come to save her. As a result, Vidal hunts down Hidalgo. During Hidalgos escape he suffers a heart bang loses control of his car and dies. Only his wife and kids survive. Casilda hides her children in the nearby caves for safety as she awaits Vidals gang, with the i... ... also allows for deeper plot development with the characters back stories and ties two seemingly uncorrelated events into one flowing story removing the need to use in medias res. The shared point of view is extreamly important in connecting the story with the theme and allows for the reader to deplumate up on the foreshadowing and irony present throughout the story. The Judges Wife is not a long story, but in those a couple of(prenominal) pages Allende creates a piece readers can understand to the point of empathy. Throughout the piece the use of theme, setting and character development make this story effective in developing a deep story in a small amount of time. Allende does an excellent job of writing a short story. Even though the story lacks symbolism it makes up for that lacking by making effective use of setting to really pull the story together and develop the story completely.

Snowdrops - Exploring Snowdrops :: English Literature

Snowdrops - Exploring Snowdrops - Consider the structure and language - What does the writer want to achieve - Your personal views argon essential.Snowdrops----------- undertaking -Explore Snowdrops.Targets -1) Consider the structure and language.2) What does the writer want to achieve.3) Your personal views are essential.Snowdrops is a story based on child exchangeable wonder, emotion anddiscovery. afterward reading the story many times in depth I havediscovered that there is a lot more to the story than there aperiesfor example contrasts and comparison in the short story that liven itup quite significantly, like use of colours, temperature,descriptions, textures and creative writing are either utilise to create acertain atmosphere.What is the story round? If you were to read the story once you wouldprobably say it was about a schoolteacher that all the children likeand she was seeing a man who died. But if you look closely at thestructure of the story then you will see there is more than that, itis about a child who cant wait to see the snowdrops in the schoolgarden and when he finally sees then he sees they are not all thatamazing, which is true to life in many respects because nothingappears to be a good as it is made out to be.Descriptive writing is peerless of the strongest things in this piece itis used to draw the reader into the same state of mind of the writer.Today Miss Webster is going to show them the snowdrops growing in thelittle terce cornered garden outside the school-keepers house, thisis a great sentence because the writer could have just said littlegarden but to add affect she said deuce-ace cornered, this creates amagical place in out heads and helps us to imagine the garden. Gerard was consume a bowl of porridge, and what he did was this. Hewould make a crater in the porridge with his spoon, and then he wouldwatch the milk run in and fill the hole up. Then he would dip hisspoon in it and discombobulate it. Does this create a ma rvellous picture inyour head? Because it does in mine as I have done this myself when Ihave been eating my breakfast. This is a prime example of child likewonder as he is so amused and excited with his new discovery, when youare younger you are fascinated with the smallest things like theporridge and the snowdrops.Contrasts are occurring all the time in Snowdrops for example redsand oranges are used to create that affect of heat and well being and

investigation into jazz :: essays research papers

Written investigation into the contexts and musical influences on the jazz style.Summary of HND seminar on History of Jazz. On the 10th March, we were given a seminar by the HND students on The Development of Jazz Music and Dance. My aim in this written investigation is to sum up the information given to me.Development through African musicThe earliest form of Jazz, began in African music. While most West African stopping point was erased when people were transported into slavery, some core possession and spirit based beliefs remained. People began to develop rhythms by using polyrhythmic drums, dance and clapping. This was carried from the work place to the Christian church building House. Church began to become more of a music lesson, than a spiritual, calm place to pray. This was the earliest sign of Gospel churches. The rhythms developed here became known by Western listeners as syncopation.Development of the Blues.Blues lyrics are simple rhyming couplets. The first line is re peated followed by a second to complete the common chord lines of poetry. The story is always about a subject upon which the performer has strong feelings. This is the example we were givenwhile youre livin in your mansion You dont know what hard times meanwhile youre livin in your mansion you dont know what hard times mean misfortunate workin mans wife is stravin your wife is livin is like a queen. We were also given another example which was Natural Blues by Moby.Merging of cultures.By the end of the civil was in 1865, the abolition of slavery meant that many black musicians earned their living by playing music. The musicians would play European tunes adding their own rhythms and melodies. Tunes were consequently jazzed or ragged. The merging of black and white music traditions began the birth of jazz.New Orleans is considered to be the birth place of jazz. The French section of the metropolis housed black creoles originally from the West Indies, were influenced by the Europe an rule. The black creoles were trained in European music and often played in chamber ensembles and so on. The American part of the city housed newly freed American Blacks who were greatly disadvantaged and generally uneducated. To occupy themselves they would play the music of gospel, blues and worked on songs played passed on by ear. A new racial segregation law introduced in 1894, forced Creoles and American Blacks to live together in one section of the city.

HOW DOES THE INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENT PHYSICAL FACTORS ON AGRICULTURAL V :: essays research papers

The location of agriculture at all scales is the result of the interaction between strong-arm, cultural and economic and behavioural factors. Farming in peachy Britain has been characterized by technological changes in recent decades which has led to massive increases in yields and improved stock rearing. Much of this change is due to the application of scientific enquiry in plant and stock breeding and improved mechanization. But even today agriculture relies heavily on the physical environment. All crops require a specific range of temperature, moisture, soil ands drainage conditions and these factors can be modified by the farmer but only to a limited degree. If we accept that a farmers choice of land usage is controlled by the physical environment, we must line the optimum conditions and limits to production of any one crop . This will help to identify the spatial pattern of environmental controls. This was central to the ideas explored by McCarty and Lindberg in the Mid West of the USA and gave rise to the Optima Limits Model in 1966. Away from the optimum physical conditions become hostile and production/ yields decline. The optimum is the field of operations where yields are highest and variability best, where soils are fertile, temperature and rainfall ideal and ground surface level for cultivation.Farmers will stimulate account of physical conditions at a local scale when considering which crops to grow. For example, the Moray coast in NE Scotland between Elgin and Lossiemouth is a rich agricultural area where winters are relatively mild and summers averaging 17oC, rainfall occurs throughout the year and is typically 600mm. There are a variety of soils but mainly glacial sandy loams on the higher ground and alluvial soils where in that respect were once areas of open marshy conditions.A variety of crops are grown, both cereal and root crops. However, there are limitations to agriculture in this area. The main problem is that of wind erosion, the sandy loams are light soils which dry out quickly with high infiltration rates. During earlyish spring or late autumn strong winds can pick up the soil and cause localized wind erosion. Despite this being a well-known problem there are few conservation measures the only evidence being improving the structure of the soil using manure. There know been no attempts to re-establish hedgerows.Wetness limitations occur such as at Plewlands Farm to the north of Gordonstoun and at Begrow Farm to the west towards Hopeman.

Alcoholism :: essays research papers

The Physical Effects of Alcohol on the Body           dipsomania is a disease which, in many cases, appears to be a genetically transmitted biochemical defect. However, in other instances, it appears to be caused by overwhelming run of the physiology of the body by repeated episodes of heavy drinking resulting in the incapacity to handle alcohol normally. Psychological and/or social pressures whitethorn aggravate the disease. It is characterized by a typical progression of drinking behavior that requires an average of twelve and one-half years of drinking to reach fully developed, overt symptoms and an average of cardinal years to reach the stage of deterioration. It is seen most frequently in those of Eskimo or American Indian descent. Among those of Caucasian descent, the Irish, French and Scandinavians exhibit a far high incidence than do other European population groups. The disease is further characterized by physical damage in all sy stem of the body, the most heavy of which is encountered in the cardiovascular system, the nervous system and the liver. In these three areas the damage may eventually prove fatal.     Living the life of an alcoholic is hard add - the body suffers. There is complete unanimity of opinion that alcoholic drinking is very bad for the heart. Not only does the alcoholic suffer increased run a risk of heart disease, but he may also sustain direct damage to the heart from alcohol. Alcoholic drinking results in Increased lipid levels which may result in arteriosclerosis and increased risk of stroke and possible early death. Possible development of alcoholic cardiomyopathy, resulting from injury to the energy-producing portion of the heart muscle, which may lead to death from heart failure.     Damage to the nervous system in alcoholics has been recognized for many years. Some of the possible neurological effects of alcoholism accept Development of diseases caused by vitamin B deficiencies. Impairment of overall mental functioning. Some of the ancient physicians recognized an impairment of overall mental functioning in those who drank besides and recent card cell studies suggest that an alcoholic literally kills off brain cells at a more rapid pace than normal. If one destroys brain cells rapidly enough and for a long enough period of time, eventually the "cell bank" of reserves will be depleted, and the subject will bring to show impaired mental functioning. This appears to be the sequence of events observed in the EEG tracings and clinical observations of alcoholics.     The gastrointestinal system is prominent among the organ systems damaged by alcohol.

Alcoholism :: essays research papers

The Physical Effects of Alcohol on the Body          Alcoholism is a disease which, in legion(predicate) cases, appears to be a genetically transmitted biochemical defect. However, in other instances, it appears to be caused by overwhelming bombardment of the physiology of the body by repeated episodes of fleshy intoxication resulting in the incapacity to handle alcohol normally. Psychological and/or social pressures may aggravate the disease. It is characterized by a typical progression of drinking behavior that requires an average of twelve and one-half years of drinking to reach fully developed, overt symptoms and an average of eighteen years to reach the stage of deterioration. It is seen most frequently in those of Eskimo or American Indian descent. Among those of Caucasian descent, the Irish, French and Scandinavians exhibit a far higher incidence than do other European population groups. The disease is further characterized by physi cal damage in all dodging of the body, the most serious of which is encountered in the cardiovascular system, the nervous system and the liver. In these three areas the damage may eventually prove fatal.     Living the life of an alcoholic is hard work - the body suffers. There is complete unity of opinion that alcoholic drinking is very bad for the heart. Not only does the alcoholic suffer increase risk of heart disease, but he may also sustain direct damage to the heart from alcohol. Alcoholic drinking results in Increased lipid levels which may result in arteriosclerosis and increased risk of stroke and possible early death. Possible development of alcoholic cardiomyopathy, resulting from injury to the energy-producing portion of the heart muscle, which may lead to death from heart failure.      change to the nervous system in alcoholics has been recognized for many years. Some of the possible neurological effects of alcoholism include De velopment of diseases caused by vitamin B deficiencies. baulk of overall mental functioning. Some of the ancient physicians recognized an impairment of overall mental functioning in those who drank excessively and recent brain cell studies elicit that an alcoholic literally kills off brain cells at a more rapid pace than normal. If one destroys brain cells rapidly enough and for a presbyopic enough period of time, eventually the "cell bank" of reserves will be depleted, and the subject will begin to show impaired mental functioning. This appears to be the sequence of events observed in the EEG tracings and clinical observations of alcoholics.     The gastrointestinal system is prominent among the organ systems damaged by alcohol.

Nursing Profession

The Registered Nurse Roles and Responsibilities from bypast to PresentThe charge for craft relieve oneselfs a intricate set of responsibilities that leans toward health c atomic number 18 and closely being. The Royal College of Nursing established six principles that elucidate the concept of the share for profession. These six principles include the purpose, line of body of work, coverage, focus, tax enhancement, and partnership programsSupporting health and preventing the occurrence of certain medical conditions and illnesses are the primary goals of nurse. The second principle is that the nursing profession serves as a mode of intervention, which determines the conglomeration of an individuals health attention needs and looks through the increase of these necessities. The domain that the nursing profession covers is particular(a) to the health apportion needs of individuals, including physiological, psychological, mental, and mixer requirements.The fourth princ iple discusses the focus of the profession that lies on the entire being of a person with regards to health care treatment. Moreover, the foundations of the nursing practice are found on morally and ethically inclined responsibilities to human life. The sixth and the last principles of the nursing profession is the establishment of partnership of nanny-goats with endurings and their families, and other health care professionals in order to accomplish all the goals of nursing.Registered nurses are deemed to build the foundation of health care facilities. They carry out some(prenominal) roles and responsibilities such as involvements in patient care and instruction, health care assessments, and patient plans regarding discharge. Other known responsibilities of registered nurses include in depth knowledge about(predicate) drugs and medicines for purposeful patient administration, as well as equipments and services in health care facilities, and the expression of care and compassio n for those who are in horrendous need of health care attention.Over time, the roles and responsibilities of registered nurses sacrifice changed with the advent of technological advancements and the shifts to residential area health nursing. Technology offers nurses the opportunity for professional encroachment, as they are required to decide about new assistive technologies that are designed to assist in health care administration. Moreover, the shift of nursing practices to focus more than on community health nursing emphasizes on the roles of nurses as an educator of health care practices and principles to the community. The nursing profession has also become specialized as nurses acquire limited roles within the health care facility.Becoming a NurseThere are several specializations available for nurses, such as available jobs in hospitals, clinics, residential homes, buck private home practice, and so on The route to becoming a nurse is dependent on an individuals decisio ns regarding the type of nurse one wants to become. Nursing requires intensive education, because of the complexity of nursing roles and responsibilities. Therefore, individuals must be willing to clear involved with the demanding nature of nursing education. Moreover, individuals must be mentally and psychologically prepared to take on divers(a) challenging positions that nursing education mightiness require.The Educational Aspect of Becoming a NurseThe educational aspect of nursing varies because of the differences and limitations with regards to the different nursing roles and specialization. Individuals may prefer to start in school with an ADN (Associate score in Nursing), Hospital Diploma, or a BSN (Bachelor of accomplishment in Nursing). An Associate Degree only requires two eld of schooling. The obtainment of a diploma requires threesome years, and the Bachelor of Science Degree requires four years. Nursing schools require the completion of several courses, mostly re lated to apprehensions, and the attainment of standards regarding grade point averages. To become a registered nurse, passing the NCLEX is important. (Become a Registered Nurse)What do they Do?Individuals with hospital or nursing diplomas are more hands on with their work, although limited in in depth knowledge and skills of the nursing profession. An Associate Degree in Nursing, like the Hospital Diploma, is limited to the skill of technical skills only. For wider skills in management and administration, move to earn a Bachelor of Science Degree in education is advisable.Types of Nurses, and Where They WorkThere are several types of registered nurses, the associate nurse, the nurse who has entire a Bachelor of Science Degree, and the Nursing Practitioner. The Associate Nurse earned two years of education concentrating on one year of science related courses and another year for nursing practice. Associate Nurses have the opportunity to work in prolonged Care (outpatient, etc.), hospitals (specializing in medical surgery assistance), and private care (in a doctors office).Associate nurses are able to develop their professions through further education and gaining experience in extensive care and hospitals, in becoming medical doctors, registered nurses, and a manifest nursing assistant. For those who are in private care, alternatives include being medical doctors or registered nurses.Individuals who have gained a Bachelors pointedness in nursing may work in Extensive Care or hospitals. Job specifications are significantly saturated on the managerial level in Extensive Care and more crucial jobs in hospitals, such as monitoring all aspects of health care and the administration of patient treatments, planning health care plans in intensive care, getting involved in community based health care, etc.For individuals who have completed a Bachelors degree in nursing, the role of nursing practitioner is open to them through the obtainment of a Masters Degree. Nu rsing practitioners, as they are able to work in hospitals and work in private care, are more like doctors, such that they are able to prescribe drugs and medications to their patients. By earning a masters degree, they gain in depth knowledge about diagnostics and evaluation of health conditions. Moreover, nursing practitioners are able to deal patient referrals. Earning a masters degree is important as it enhances their skills in preparation of being a nursing practitioner by undergoing research, sociable work, health care management, and health care education. These roles form the comprehensive roles and responsibilities of the nursing practitioner.ReferencesBecome a Registered Nurse. (2008). Retrieved May 10, 2008, from All Star Directories, Inc.Website http//www.allnursingschools.com/faqs/be_rn.phpRegistered Nurse-Associates. (2004). Retrieved May 10, 2008, from MHA Health CareersCenter. Website http//www.mshealthcareers.com/careers/rn-associates.htmRoyal College of Nursing. ( 2003). formation Nursing. Retrieved May 9, 2008, from The RoyalCollege of Nursing. WebsiteNursing ProfessionThe Registered Nurse Roles and Responsibilities from Past to PresentThe nursing profession forms a complex set of responsibilities that leans toward health care and well being. The Royal College of Nursing established six principles that elucidate the concept of the nursing profession. These six principles include the purpose, line of work, coverage, focus, value enhancement, and partnership programsSupporting health and preventing the occurrence of certain medical conditions and illnesses are the primary goals of nursing. The second principle is that the nursing profession serves as a mode of intervention, which determines the totality of an individuals health care needs and looks through the attainment of these necessities. The domain that the nursing profession covers is limited to the health care needs of individuals, including physiological, psychological, mental, and so cial requirements.The fourth principle discusses the focus of the profession that lies on the entire being of a person with regards to health care treatment. Moreover, the foundations of the nursing practice are based on morally and ethically inclined responsibilities to human life. The sixth and the last principles of the nursing profession is the establishment of partnership of nurses with patients and their families, and other health care professionals in order to accomplish all the goals of nursing.Registered nurses are deemed to build the foundation of health care facilities. They carry out several roles and responsibilities such as involvements in patient care and instruction, health care assessments, and patient plans regarding discharge. Other known responsibilities of registered nurses include in depth knowledge about drugs and medicines for purposeful patient administration, as well as equipments and services in health care facilities, and the expression of care and compas sion for those who are in dire need of health care attention.Over time, the roles and responsibilities of registered nurses have changed with the advent of technological advancements and the shifts to community health nursing. Technology offers nurses the opportunity for professional encroachment, as they are required to learn about new assistive technologies that are designed to assist in health care administration. Moreover, the shift of nursing practices to focus more on community health nursing emphasizes on the roles of nurses as an educator of health care practices and principles to the community. The nursing profession has also become specialized as nurses acquire specific roles within the health care facility.Becoming a NurseThere are several specializations available for nurses, such as available jobs in hospitals, clinics, residential homes, private home practice, etc. The route to becoming a nurse is dependent on an individuals decisions regarding the type of nurse one wa nts to become. Nursing requires intensive education, because of the complexity of nursing roles and responsibilities. Therefore, individuals must be willing to get involved with the demanding nature of nursing education. Moreover, individuals must be mentally and psychologically prepared to take on various challenging positions that nursing education might require.The Educational Aspect of Becoming a NurseThe educational aspect of nursing varies because of the differences and limitations with regards to the different nursing roles and specialization. Individuals may opt to start in school with an ADN (Associate Degree in Nursing), Hospital Diploma, or a BSN (Bachelor of Science in Nursing). An Associate Degree only requires two years of schooling. The obtainment of a diploma requires three years, and the Bachelor of Science Degree requires four years. Nursing schools require the completion of several courses, mostly related to sciences, and the attainment of standards regarding grad e point averages. To become a registered nurse, passing the NCLEX is important. (Become a Registered Nurse)What do they Do?Individuals with hospital or nursing diplomas are more hands on with their work, although limited in in depth knowledge and skills of the nursing profession. An Associate Degree in Nursing, like the Hospital Diploma, is limited to the acquisition of technical skills only. For wider skills in management and administration, continuing to earn a Bachelor of Science Degree in education is advisable.Types of Nurses, and Where They WorkThere are several types of registered nurses, the associate nurse, the nurse who has completed a Bachelor of Science Degree, and the Nursing Practitioner. The Associate Nurse earned two years of education concentrating on one year of science related courses and another year for nursing practice. Associate Nurses have the opportunity to work in Extensive Care (outpatient, etc.), hospitals (specializing in medical surgery assistance), and private care (in a doctors office). Associate nurses are able to develop their professions through further education and gaining experience in extensive care and hospitals, in becoming medical doctors, registered nurses, and a certified nursing assistant. For those who are in private care, alternatives include being medical doctors or registered nurses.Individuals who have gained a Bachelors degree in nursing may work in Extensive Care or hospitals. Job specifications are significantly concentrated on the managerial level in Extensive Care and more crucial jobs in hospitals, such as monitoring all aspects of health care and the administration of patient treatments, planning health care plans in intensive care, getting involved in community based health care, etc.For individuals who have completed a Bachelors degree in nursing, the role of nursing practitioner is open to them through the obtainment of a Masters Degree. Nursing practitioners, as they are able to work in hospitals and work in private care, are more like doctors, such that they are able to prescribe drugs and medications to their patients. By earning a masters degree, they gain in depth knowledge about diagnostics and evaluation of health conditions. Moreover, nursing practitioners are able to administer patient referrals. Earning a masters degree is important as it enhances their skills in preparation of being a nursing practitioner by undergoing research, social work, health care management, and health care education. These roles form the comprehensive roles and responsibilities of the nursing practitioner.ReferencesBecome a Registered Nurse. (2008). Retrieved May 10, 2008, from All Star Directories, Inc.Website http//www.allnursingschools.com/faqs/be_rn.phpRegistered Nurse-Associates. (2004). Retrieved May 10, 2008, from MHA Health CareersCenter. Website http//www.mshealthcareers.com/careers/rn-associates.htmRoyal College of Nursing. (2003). Defining Nursing. Retrieved May 9, 2008, from The Ro yalCollege of Nursing. Website http//www.rcn.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0003/78564/001983.pdf

Agriculture Sector in India: Trends, Issues and Challenges Essay

IntroductionAgriculture is a critical sphere of influence of the Indian economy. Though manufacturing and service sector industries gained attention during the last couple of decades, farming remains to be the most important contributor of egression in India. Nearly two-thirds of Indias population depends directly on agriculture for its livelihood. It meets the food requirements of the sight and produces several raw materials for industries.From agricultural point of view, India has vast expanse of level land, wild climatic variations suited for various types of crops, rich soils, abundant sunshine and a long harvesting season (rabi and kharif). Approximately, 140-145 million hectares of land is under agriculture. Post Independence, large surface areas in India have been brought under irrigation but only one-third of the cropped area is actu anyy irrigated. there are many reasons responsible for the low productivity of agriculture. Farming depends mainly upon monsoon rain and f armers own small pieces of land and grow crops mainly for consumption. Another reason for low productivity of agriculture is insufficient storage facilities for crop yield.About one-third of land holdings are real small and little than one hectare in size. Due to small size of land holdings, modern way of cultivation female genital organnot be social functiond. Even today the farmers are using very old methods, tools and implements for farming. Artificial ways of cultivation are not implemented in India. Because of various reasons like lack of awareness, most farmers do not use better quality of seeds, fertilizers and pesticides. There is lot of exploitation of marginal farmers. There is also low productivity because of change magnitude pressure on land and absence of bank credit.Agriculture contributes in foreign exchange of our country. India exports agricultural products and earns foreign currency. Agricultural exports have helped India in earning valuable foreign exchange and thereby amend sparing victimisation.ObjectiveIndia is an emerging market and the objective of this project is to study the important role that the agricultural sector pull up stakes play in the economic growth in India. Though more than 70% of the population depends on the Indian agriculture, the productivity has decreased post independence area. Lot of emphasis is given over on the service sector which has shown tremendous growth in the last few years. Its time now that policies are introduced to take care of the diametrical issues and challenges in the Agricultural sector. exertion of agriculture sector in indiaThe agriculture sector in India has undergone significant changes in the form of decrease in region of GDP from 30 percent in 1990-91 to 14.5 percent in 2010-11 indicating a shift from the traditional agrarian economy towards a service dominated one. The homogeneous is reflected from the below Figure 1. This decrease in agricultures contribution to GDP has not been accompanied by a matching reduction in the share of agriculture in employment. About 52% of the total workforce is still employed by the farm sector which makes more than half of the Indian population dependant on agriculture for sustenance. However, non-farm activities also contributed to the growth from rural economy. line CSOFigure 1 Sectoral Composition of GDPThe average size of functional holdings in India has diminished progressively from 2.28 ha in 1970-71 to 1.55 ha in 1990-91 to 1.23 ha in 2005-06 (Figure 2). As per Agriculture Census 2005-06, the proportion of marginal holdings (area less(prenominal) than 1 ha) has outgrowthd from 61.6 percent in 1995-96 to 64.8 percent in 2005-06. This is followed by about 18 percent small holdings (1-2 ha.), about 16 percent strong suit holdings (more than 2 to less than 10 ha.) and less than 1 percent large holdings (10 ha. and above).(Reference 3)Source Department of Agriculture and Cooperation, Agricultural Census Division, Mi nistry of Agriculture. Figure 2 clean size (ha) of holdings as per different Agriculture Census Because of increasing population, land fragmentation is increasing which is reducing availability of cultivated land area per household. Added to this, because increasing challenges in agriculture sector, this remains to be least contributor of employment opportunities in rural areas. Because of this additional employment opportunities in the non-farm and manufacturing sector (especially in agro ground rural industries) have to be created. Because of this, people have to enhance their skills in corresponding sectors to gain employment. This way, more and more employment opportunities can be created which get out be useful in making agriculture practical in a sustainable manner.Figure 3 Farms in rural India. Most farms in India are small plots such(prenominal) as in this image. The growth performance of the agriculture sector has been fluctuating across the political program periods (F ig 4). It witnessed a growth prescribe of 4.8 per cent during the Eighth plan period (199297). However, the agrarian situation saw a downturn towards the beginning of the Ninth plan period (19972002) and the Tenth plan period (200207), when the agricultural growth rate came down to 2.5 percent and 2.4 percent respectively.This crippling growth rate of 2.4 percent in agriculture as against a robust annual average overall growth rate of 7.6 per cent for the economy during the tenth plan period was clearly a cause for concern. The reduce rate of growth during the period 1992-93 to 2010-11 is 2.8 percent while the average annual rate of growth in agriculture & allied sectors-GDP during the same period is 3.2 percent.(Reference 3).Source CSOFigure 4 Growth Rates GDP (overall) and GDP (Agriculture & Allied Sectors)Note Figures are at 2004-05 prices.Source CSO.Figure 5 Comparative Performance of Growth of GDP and Agri-GDP Government policies in agriculture sectorThe Indian government has employed several steps to improve the situation of agriculture sector in the country.Land ReformsLand reforms were introduced. The government has encouraged consolidation of land holdings to promote use of modern farm machines. The government took lands of big land owners forth and redistributed to landless laborers. The government abolished the Zamindari System.Public investmentModern methods of cultivation were introduced in the country. The government has improved on providing infrastructure facilities such as irrigation, electricity and transportation. Agricultural equipment such as pesticides, pump harvesters, tractors, fertilizers were made available to farmers. Constructing irrigation reservoirs has helped in supplying pee for irrigation in the areas of water scarcity. To ensure a significant growth in this sector, the government is taking steps to provide the necessary infrastructure in terms of common cold storage, food grain storage, food processing, refrigerated trans ported as the industry is estimated to be losing 20% of its produce due to poor storage facilities. The governments have allowed foreign equity participation of up to 51% in cold chain projects.Major policies* The government has introduced significant changes in Incentive policies and Input subsidies. Getting finance from banks was made easier for the farmers. * The crop insurance was another step to defend the farmers against losses caused by crop failure on account of natural calamities like flood cyclone, drought etc. * High-yielding varieties of seeds, fertilizers and irrigation gave birth to Green Revolution. All these light-emitting diode to tremendous increase in the production of crops.Output subsidies* Procurement-cum-distribution policies* Minimum support prices announced by Commission for Agricultural Costs & Prices* (CACP) during sowing* Food Corporation of India (FCI) buys all the grains offered for sale at these prices(Above points are from class PPTs)suggestionsnew p olicy measure to help agriculture sector* The Eleventh Five Year Plan has highlighted such a holistic framework and suggested the following strategy to raise agricultural output. * Rate of growth of irrigated area has to be doubled* Water management, watershed development and rain water harvesting has to be improved * Degraded land to be reclaimed and focusing on soil quality * Reducing the association gap by organizing awareness camps * Diversification of high apprize outputs like fruits, vegetables, flowers but with adequate measures to ensure food security * Animal husbandry and piscary to be promoted* Reforms in improving the incentive structure and functioning of markets * Provide easy access to credit at affordable rates* Agriculture can impact poverty alleviation and rural development with far reaching ability. There are several areas of importance for the agriculture sector growth. These include, increasing humanity sector investment in research, effective transfer of te chnology along with institutional reforms in the research set up to make it more responsible and geared towards conservation of land, water and biological resources, the development of rain fed agriculture, delivery, the development of minor irrigation, timely and adequate availability of inputs, support for marketing infrastructure, an increase in flow of credit particularly to the small and marginal farmers.* Achievement of food and nutrition security and alleviation of poverty and unemployment on a sustainable basis depend on the good and judicious use of natural resources (land/soil, water, agri-biodiversity and climate). Inefficient use and mismanagement of productive resources, especially land, water, energy and agro-chemicals has vastly trim back fertility and damaged to the physical, chemical and biological properties of the soil. The limitation on availability of agricultural land has already reached. We have continuous failed to utilize the non-renewable natural resourc es and this will have serious implications.* Three fourths of total investments in agriculture are by private investments. These are the primary drivers of transition from traditional to high value agriculture. To ensure smooth transition from traditional to high value agriculture, government should support private investments by way of providing greater investments in R&D, cosmos irrigation, roads and other infrastructural facilities. * A strategic vision for agriculture must factor in three important elements (a) Indias comparative advantage (b) efficient markets at home and freer trade and (c) environmental sustainability. There is a lot of scope for major reforms, from marketing to investment and institutional change, especially in water management, new technologies, land markets and creation of efficient value chains.ConclusionThe country on an average has enough in stock to meet the food requirements of its citizens. There is a significant increase in the productivity of the land through the years, but there is still a huge gap between the up-to-date productivity and international productivity levels. Indian agriculture is quite diversified into various sectors and contributes largely to the nations economy. But the coming years plant a lot of challenge in this area with an estimated outburst of population that would reach to approximately 1500million. This would require a huge amount of food grains along with non-food grains. India has to use its vast potential of agriculture in a systematic and planned manner along with reforms in export and import policies of agricultural products.Indian agriculture sector remains to be one of the most interested subjects for academicians around the world. Nobel Memorial prize winner, Prof. Gunar Myrdal of Stockholm University, has rightly remarked, It is the agricultural sector that the engagement for long term economic development of India will be won or lost. In fact the prosperity of agriculture is the prosper ity of Indian economy. We should not build industries at the cost of agricultural land.References1. http//nicsr.in/?p=12412. Reserve Bank Of India http//www.rbi.org.in/scripts/AnnualPublications.aspx?head=Handbook%20of%20Statistics%20on%20Indian%20Economy 3. http//agricoop.nic.in/SIA111213312.pdf

Ethical considerations Essay

Deception the players were not aware that they were taking part in a psychological engage about memory until after the study had taken place in order to reduce the risk of bias in the taste. Afterwards they were informed and were given the opportunity to withdraw their responses without prejudice. They were told that no call would be recorded and that confidentiality was assured of their reply.Another risk would be if people then realised the try out outpouringed memory they could think it was to do with science and worry that they would be judged as stupid if they did not remember many lyric. This could ca engagement psychological distress to that person and big businessman confirm personal fears of risk causing further damage. This could be controlled by warning the participant what the study was going to be about before they did it so if they felt embarrassed or worried about their result they could make a more(prenominal) informed decision not to take part.ResultsThis table shows how many manner of speaking were recalled by for each one participant. It shows that the mean average number of oral communication recalled in Condition A was 15.08 1.59 less than condition B at 16.67. It also allows us to see that 2/3 of the participants recalled more words with authoritative music playing than they did in silence.Summary table to show the number of words recalled by each participant in condition A and.Condition BThis bar chart shows condition A results in red and condition B in green. From this we fanny see that both the highest and lowest numbers of words recalled were in condition B. This bar chart clearly demonstrates the difference between condition A and B to vary greatly throughout the experiment.This pie chart shows the difference between the average scores to be quite insignifi mintt as thither is only a 5 % difference which means that although most of the numbers of words recalled did increase from condition a to condition b there was not a immense difference when taking into account what their scores actually were and working out the average.I also deduced the range to be 12 for condition A, the lowest/ highest value being 8 and 20, and 17 for condition B, the lowest/ highest values being 7 and 24. The median, withal, for both was the same at 16.5. This means there was a wider dust enumerate of values for condition B therefore more variation in how many words people remembered than in condition A.However the descriptive statistics used above only describe what has been run aground.In order to suggest the probability of achieving the scores that we did, an inferential sign test was used. A sign test was used as the observational design was a repeated measures design and the data collected was nominal. When we applied our raw data to the sign test depth psychology a sign value of 4 was achieved. As this exceeds the critical value of 2, for 12 participants, we can suggest that the raw data achieved is more than 5 % ascribable to chance occurrenceors and less than 95% due to the manipulation of the independent variable which means our original hypothesis is only partially supported.DiscussionFrom the results obtained in this experiment, we can suggest that our one tailed experimental hypothesis of playing absolute music during a memory test will increase the number of words remembered, is only partially supported, in that only 2/3 (66.67%) of participants recall improved when well-tried with classical music. This was not found to achieve a hearty level of probability 0.05, which means that recall was not 95% or more due to the manipulation of the independent variable i.e. whether or not classical music was playing in the emphasise. Therefore on this occasion we must accept our null hypothesis of there will be no operative comparisonship between whether or not music is played in the background and how many words the participants remember as there was not a high enough probability to s uggest that the variation in number of words recalled was a direct effect of the manipulation of the independent variable.In our experiment we found that classical music did improve performance of memory as 2/3 of the participants recall improved. This disagrees with the findings of Cohen whose study suggested that participants who were exposed to background noise were cognitively impaired. Our experiment was similar to Cohens in that it tested the effect of environmental stimulants on recall ability. Cohen, however, tested the participants under exposure to aircraft noise which is much louder and more distracting than a relaxing piece of music such as Mozart. Our findings, therefore, may be more appropriately compared to the findings of Dr. George Lozanov. Lozanov designed a way to teach opposed languages to children in a fraction of the learning time.He did this by teaching whilst using certain 60 beats per minute Baroque music and found that his students had a retention rate of 92% and an accuracy of 85- 100% after only thirty days. The findings of which reflect our own in that he used classical music, with the typical 60 beat per minute pattern, to improve performance of memory in the recollection of vocabulary in foreign languages. However, the percentage of improvement in his experiment was 92%, whereas ours was only 66.67% and therefore shows that his experiment was more accurate than our ownHowever, as our participants were young adults and not children, as in the above, direct and secure comparisons may not be fully appropriate. This could be due to wider social influences upon adults in relation to children for example a young adult would understand the instruction manual better and therefore might feel under more pressure to perform than a child. This could give up adverse effects and make their performance worsened or make them try harder than a child would. Due to this ignorance on the childs behalf, an experiment involving children is often m ore natural. Also, differences in procedure and experimental design may have led to the difference in findings.For example Lozanov choose to teach foreign languages to children and it has been proven that children have a higher substance than adults for learning language, as they are not as set in speaking their own language as an adult is. The differences found may have related to this factor and so had an effect upon the data that we achieved. If my experiment had been carried out on children instead I think I would have gotten more tyrannical results due to the above reasons.Other limitations include our choice of method an experiment is not a natural setting as participants would feel pressurised by the fact that their results were being analysed and might have not been able to concentrate on recalling the words. An improvement could have been a test administered by a normal teacher in a classroom environment, where students would be more used to getting a test and might be mo re relaxed. This would be unethical, however as it is deceptive. The repeated measures design used meant that the list of words in the second experiment had to be changed because the same participants had seen it in the first experiment and therefore might recall more words after looking at it for a second time.This would have meant the results were inaccurate therefore another list of words was devised. This could however have caused even more problems because, although care was taken not to use more confusing or longer words from one list to another, the experiment was not standardised and therefore direct comparisons could not be made. A matched pairs design would have allowed comparisons to be made between the lists, but not as accurately between the participants, as every participant will be various.The opportunity based sample that I used meant that there werent an tolerable number of males and females, therefore it wasnt re nonplusative. A better sampling technique would be to use stratified sampling, in which equal numbers of the same fetch up can be selected. If the target population was larger, the sample would have been more representative but we needed to use similarly aged participants, as there would have been difference in recall ability between, for example, a four and an eighteen year old. Using people from our own class could have interfered with the result because the participants knew who they were doing the experiment for and could be biased to the experimenter. Also, I think that using younger participants would have given a more natural element to the experiment, as they would not ask too many questions, worry about the results or interfere as much with the experiment by not trying their best.The participants did not come out to be confused by the standardised instructions but they might not have been clear on why they were doing the experiment, which could have had an effect on their performance. The participants were also talked th rough the experiment as we carried it out and everything was plainly stated to them. A better way of presentation of the words however, might have been to present them on an over head projector, so that timing could be controlled better in our experiment, participants were in control of turning over the sheet of paper with the list on and therefore could have turned it over before the test started. The paper was only one sheet thick as well so participants might have been able to see the words even when the sheet was face down.To expand the experiment further, there are many different variables and different aspects of memory which I could test. The serial position effect, mentioned in my introduction, would be an interesting aspect of memory to test as I noticed in the lists of words there were a significant number of words from the start and the end of the actual list, included in the words the participants remembered. We could test this by setting a quota at, say, the first five and last five words and seeing what percentage of the recalled words were within one of these quotas. We could have used a recording of background noise to repeat Cohens experiment or used music with words to test the participants.A really interesting experiment would be to use children against adults in a memory test with the classical music, as I believe children would give a more positive result in relation to my hypothesis. I dont believe that there would be a significant difference between males and females, if any, but it would be worth considering. We could have tested different amounts of words see if there is a difference in capacity of recall between a list of one hundred words and thirty words would the participants be put off by the amount of words and not remember as many for the long list as the short? There are clearly many different experiments relating to memory that could be tested.

Difference Between Goals

Goals argon often the main fundamental end point towards which organizations work. Goals define the aims and objectives of organizations that are nail down to be achieved in the due course of time. The different types of goals in an organization are for different purposes and reasons. Fundamentally there exist two categories of goals ordained goals and sherlock goals. (Daft, 2001) The difference between these goals is quite obvious and can be explained easily.Official goals exist to define the organizations overall legitimate objectives i. e. the stage it will strive during the course of its existence. Operative goals, on the other hand are in place to provide the momentum and motivation to employees in a particular direction. These explore to establish decision guidelines and are basically the means to achieve the fundamental objectives. In other words, operative goals define the goals of performance and employee productivity in effect to meet the official goals.(Daft, 2001)Th ere should be a high degree of consistency and congruency between the official and the operative goals for the organization to benefit from it. At Google, the official goals are defined to being able to provide the world with all the information in and about the world in as many different languages as possible. Clearly speaking, it is a very broad, timeless and fundamental goals which Google is aiming at.There will hardly be any point in time when Google can claim that it has met its official goals. The operative goals of Google include the harbouring of individualism as well as collective group work a goal that will motivate both strata of workers because it has been put in out that many superb individuals may not gel into groups well and many average performers may perform exceptionally in groups. It also has training for creativity and innovation.The operative goals of Google are clearly different and more specific towards performance and operations, while the official goals de pict what the operative goals will one mean solar day lead to. (Google search engine) Thus, it should be borne in mind when considering the difference between operational and operative goals that these are highly related to each other and provided distinct. The example of Google as an organization highlighting the differences between these two types of goals exmplifies this fact aptly.

Rita Hayworth and Shawshank Redemption (Stephen King)

Luis Alban Professor J. Kenny CIN 100 SEC9044 textdate Rita Hayworth and Shawshank Redemption (Stephen King) After I read the novella Rita Hayworth and Shawshank Redemption by Stephen King and see the flick The Shawshank Redemption, based on the hold up, I have to denote some differences and similarities. In general the word picture is rattling loyal to the book just now if I believe that the most important aspects are as follow. For example, they are similar in the time line. In the cinema we can observe with clarity the 40s environment, old fashion car, the shoes of Andy and his custom is related at that time.Even though in the movie no date appears in the beginning we can infer the time, later Red speaks the date in what Andy arrives to the prison. In the novella the date is stated in the beginning When Andy came to Shawshank in 1948, he was thirty years old. _ (King 5). _ Another similarity is the dialogue in the trial. Both are very similar, for example, in the book we can read But this revenge had been of a much colder type. Consider the DA said at the jury. Four and cardinal Not six shots, but eight He had fired the gun emptyand then stopped to reload so he could shoot each of them againFour for him and four for her_ (King 7). _In the movie the lawyer uses the same words of the novella when describes that Andy reload the revolver for killing his wife and his loer. Of course the dialogue is fixed from the novella to the movie foreground the most important aspects in the trial. Another match is when Andy meets Red in the prison yard. Both, the movie and the novella, displays the dialogue between Andy and Red, it uses almost the same words _I _understand that youre a man who bashs how to get things. I agree with that I was able to locate certain items from time to time. (King 16). Of course we can appreciate the esthetical way to limit in the movie the essence of the novella. Even though in the movie the dialogue is simpler in the book is ful l in detail and expressions. Another passage with similarities is when Andy and his co-workers are doing the job over the detonator and listen Byron Hadley speaks with his partners about 35,000 dollars that he received as inherit of his dead brother. Andy is approaching him and look _Do you trust your wife? Boy, Hadley said, Ill give you exclusively one chance to pick up that pad. And then youre goin off this roof on your head. (King 33). It is almost the same dialogue that the characters use in the film. It is very remarkable the part when Red reminds the event explaining how they felt in that time. Thats how, on the second to-last day of the job, the convict crew that tarred the plate-factory roof in 1950 depoted up sitting in a row at ten oclock on a spring morning, drinking Black Label beer supplied by the hardest screw that ever walked a turn at Shawshank state prison. (King 37)_. In the movie he finishes the narration felling like a free man tarring a roof of one of their own houses, arguing why Andy did that.For him he did it just to feel normal again. It is pretty similar when you read the book. Of course the novella has much of detail that it cant fit in the length of a movie. Like I said in the beginning, the film is very loyal to the novella but I notice some differences or parts that you preceptort see in the movie and you dont read in the book. For example one thing can be the physical traits of the protagonists. Andy Dufresne is set forth in the novella as follow _He was short, neat little man with sandy hair and small, clever hands. He wore gold-rimmed spectacles. (King 5)_ In the movie Andy is characterized by Tim Robbins. We know that actor. He is tall, handsome, and dont use any kind of spectacles in his performance, at least not in the beginning. Another is Red who is performed by Morgan Freeman. That actor is black but in the novella _Red is a white Irish man with red hair. A kid had come in can in 1938, a kid with a big mop of carr oty red hair__(King 45)_ Another difference is Brooke Hatlen, the librarian, the novella tells us about his news in 1952. He never threatens to cut the throat of another prisoner in order to avoid being parole like we observe in the movie.The novella states that Brooksie died in an indigents home in 1953 _I heard he died in a home for indigent old folks up Freeport way in 1953 (King 39. ). _ In the movie Brooks suicide later that he got freedom. He doesnt know how live outside the prison and cultivate his life away. It is only happen in the movie not in the novella. At the time in when Andy become a new librarian the warden of the prison is a man called Stammas_ He began to write to the State Senate in Augusta in 1954. Stammas was warden by then, and he used to pretend Andy was some sort of mascot. (Kings 40). _ In the film Norton is the warden throughout the movie.This character in the novella is multiple, Norton was the last one in the novella but in the movie he is the only one. In the novella surface-to-air missileuel Norton_ _resigned three months after Andys escape but in the film he is killing himself with a gun. Another difference is Tommy Williams, a headmaster thief, he arrives at Shawshank in 1962 not in 1965 like the movie show us. He has wife and a three years old despoil boy not a baby girl like in the movie the narrator does. In the film when Tommy_ _discovers that he knows who killed Andys wife and his lover, Sam Norton killed Tommy to avoid set Andy free.Consequently he could speak about Nortons monkey business when he is releasing from the jail. In the novella Norton transferred Tommy to a minimum-security prison At that, Andy fell silent. He was an intelligent man, but it would have taken an extraordinary stupid man not to smell deal all over that. Cashman was a minimum-security prison far up north in Aroostok CountyNorton had almost surely dangled all of that under Tommys nose with only one make attached not one to a greater extent word about Elwood Blatch, not now, not ever(King 61-62).Another variation is something that I noticed immediately when I read the passage of the book in page 44. The novella speaks about Normaden, an Indian prisoner who was the unique cellmate Andy had. In the movie this character never appears, only in the novella. _But in all that time Andy never had a cellmate, except for a big, silent Indian named Normaden (like Indians in The Shawshank, he was called chief), and Normaden didnt last long. (King 44)_. I think that character has not a great impact within the movie to put in on the screen.I have noticed more differences between the book and the movie but I have to remark the last one. The ending of the movie is pretty different from the novella. In the film the end is an encounter between Andy a Red in a beach in Mexico, but in the novel the ending is Red traveling to Zihuatenejo, the set that Andy mentioned Red when he was in prison I try for Andy is down there. I hope I can make it across the border. I hope to see my friend and shake his hand. I hope the Pacific is as blue as it has been in my dreams.I hope. (King 101) I have to conclude that the movie is artistically adapted to communicate the essence of the novella. But I prefer to read the novella. It is more plenty of details and some parts of it are not included in the movie. However I like the movie too. It is pretty similar but I understand that is a quite impossible to put on the screen all of details we read in the book. Works Cited King, Stephen. Rita Hayworth and Shawshank Redemption. U. S. A. Viking Press, 1982.

Media Science-Stories vs. Scientific

This paper talks astir(predicate) the different ways on how Non-human Animal Communication is laid out. It is mainly a comparison of various takes on the topic, including scientific research, media erudition stories and how it is being laid out in the natural world. The scientific research it will tackle is almost the role of the animal(prenominal) environment on the animal acoustic communication. This is more on the scholarly way of tackling the topic of non-human animal communication, and is based on grand studies and research.An another(prenominal) approach is from National Geographic News, which is slightly a speech project that will be able to regard the communication between non-human animals. This is a media science approach wherein it mixes scientific kn causeity regarding non-human animal communication and the dissemination of instruction done mass media. National Geographic is a well-known scientific knowledge provider through various media means, like print and television.Accompanying material Disagreements Between Experts in Natural SciencesThe approach on the topic will be on how they will be able to mix the products of scientific research with the mainstream information paths like television shows and environmental magazines. The final approach that will be tackled will be regarding an internet oblige which came from an unknown author regarding the concept of language for animal communications. This take is more on how most of the people happen the topic, making them able to conceive certain ideas, save like what is stated in the internet article.Non-human animal communication is one of those topics wherein humans thrust no solid grasp of understanding. There argon various efforts in order to understand more of the concept, but still, knowledge about it still remains limited. oneness of the efforts being done to further understand this is through scientific research. Many scientists and detectives conduct experiments on how they w ould be able to establish information regarding the communication of animals.They foot race on the possible means of communication, like body signals, excretion of chemicals, or even telepathically, which is not really on the realm of the human understanding. One of these researches is about animal acoustic communication, wherein it emphasizes on the physical characteristics of the world which is perceived by the organism or animal that is being focused on. This research article has been promulgated in the Journal of Comparative Psychology by two authors, which are both from the Animal Behavior Graduate Group of the University of California, Davis (Rundus and Hart).This article tackles on how the physical environments of the non-human animals play a very big role in their lives. It affects the way they communicate with each other, having certain effects on their communicative signals, since these signals directly gleam the physical characteristics of the environment they are livin g in. The examples that were tackled were the communication of whales, elephants, frogs and many other animals. It also talked about the different purposes of their communication, like for social relationships, parental bonds, or copulate calls.There are various conditions which were given in order for the communication of these animals to be established. The first condition is the communication of animals in the terrestrial environments. This is comparably the most familiar way of communication to us humans, since we are also terrestrial organisms. This is affected by the physical barriers like different land formations and materials around the terrestrial environments.This affects the contagion of signals, which are mainly caused by various factors like the type of substrate, the amount and type of foliage, and various geological formations in the area. Communication signals which are transmitted through the air, or airborne signals are also said to be affected by certain factors in the atmosphere, like the temperature of the environment, the speed of the wind, the humidity, turbulence, and also depending on the meter of the day or even the season.Another condition is the communication in the aquatic environment. This is considerably different from that of the terrestrial world, wherein there are different factors to consider. Land worry animals greatly differ from the aquatic animals. It is said that aquatic signals are far more different in the degree of the influence in the terrestrial signals. The extension service of these signals is greatly different, wherein the acoustic signal is several hundred times less than that of the signals propagated in the air. Because of this, acoustic signals are deemed to travel much greater distances in the water. However, these signals are subject to greater distortion of the communicative signals when it passes over long distances.Humans are also said to intervene with the communication patterns of these animals. T he animals context of the natural environment is greatly affected by mans efforts in creating structures or modifying the place to their suiting. Because of these, the animals are forced to adapt with the changes, thus changing their communication patterns as well. hunt and food gathering of humans have also affected the animal communication, wherein they are forced to seek places away from the people hunting them. Boats in the oceans have distorted the communication patterns of aquatic animals, since their communication signals are also affected. The communicative changes are then adopted by these animals, thus affecting their communication patterns permanently.Another article on non-human animal communication is from the National Geographic News, which is about understanding animal communications. This is more of an exposition of what researchers call as the Dr. Dolittle Project, wherein it aims to learn more about the animal communication. This is in order to help not only the r esearchers, but also the people to have a better grasp of animals behavior, so that they will be able to improve the means of taking care of them, especially for those in the wild or for the captive animal populations.A researcher said that in the past, humans are trying their best to teach animals on how they will be able to communicate like humans. Its on the nose high time for us to change that thinking, and try to learn their language, instead of making these animals learn ours (Mott).An example is learning how elephants communicate. This is by using a computer program that captures the elephants behavior then puts it into data which is a modified human speech recognition program. This is able to alert the scientists if there are any changes, including the physiologic indicators of the animal.They are using the technology in order to understand these animals more, and that they are able to apply this successfully on elephants. Elephants have been made to wear collars with digi tal microphones so that the sound will be captured as they go about their daily lives. After the day, the collars will be removed and the information stored their will be analyzed.One of the aspects that were focused on was the emotion in the elephants voices. This is manifested by the hierarchy of the elephants, wherein the subordinates were found to be nervous when they are around higher-ranking members, an act just like that experienced by humans when they are around their superiors. It is found that there was a nervous jitter in their voices when they approach the superior animals in their herd.The coating article is from an internet source, which have an anonymous source. It is more on the authors opinion regarding the concept of non-human animal communication, wherein the author believes that language does not bump animals and humans, and that animals do have their language, and that they have the ability of cognitive ideal. This is because of the animals possession of sens es they are able to see, hear and feel things in their environment. Language is their means to communicate to the world, and it is unattainable that they have no actual connection with the world. Their connection is established by that language (Anonymous).The article expounds the authors idea that animals are capable of thought and intention since they have certain abilities like sight and auditory capabilities. This is in comparison with the humans gauge of mental aptitude which is language. The author quotes what other scientists have said regarding language, which is attached to human mentality. Human mentality is definitive of language competence, and that this language gives the people a grasp of their world, their environment. Because of this they are able to understand their world better.SummaryThe differences on the various ways of writing on science lie on who they are addressed to. Scientific Research is the most trusty means of writing on science, since they present th e facts straight from the research itself, including the findings of the experiments. Scientific research offers a truthful, factual slice of information straight from the researchers and the scientists.The only worry is the format that the information is being presented. It is not readily understandable by those who dont know much of the language the scientific research is written. It is highly technical, so it is assumed that the level of those who will read the scientific research is also high, wherein they are able to understand the raw information being presented to them. This limits this information to those who are able to understand it from how it is written.Comparing this to media science stories, these scientific writing is comparably understandable to a wider range of audience. It is formatted to be understood by a jalopy of people, especially the masses. National Geographic News presents light information to the people, and they back up the highly technical information that they offer with explanations coming from the researchers themselves. But the task with this is that the information being delivered becomes diminished, to the point that it doesnt necessarily give out the specifics of what is being written. This scientific writing doesnt focus on the scientific bring itself, instead, it tackles more on the outputs of the research and how it will be useful to the people.On the other hand, the least factual, least reliable scientific writing is the opinions from the people other than scientists or researchers. This is not first hand information, instead, just a summary of their understandings of the topic, which is in this case, the non-human animal communication. The author condenses other information that he got from other authors and other researches and puts it into his own words. This is a highly opinionated writing, thats why it is necessary to be critical regarding the truthfulness of the information being presented.BibliographyAnonymou s. Animal Communication. 2005. Planet Papers. whitethorn 2 2007.Mott, Maryann. Animal Speech Project Aims to Decode Critter Communication. 2006. Ed. National Geographic News. National Geographic. May 2 2007. .Rundus, Aaron S., and Lynette A. Hart. Overview Animal Acoustic Communication and the region of the Physical Environment. Journal of Comparative Psychology Vol. 116.Issue 2 (2002) pp. 120-22.

Balance in the administration of justice

The term arbitrator refers to canal provision of pay offs to both citizen in a given century. This concerns equal distribution and proper allocation of uncorrupted things the like wealth, and power. For a country to find justice in practice, great deal should be governed by laws which are well defined in a constitution. Such laws assures citizens emancipation in all their activities for instance, one can have a freedom of speech, freedom of worship, freedom of movement among some differents. Through justice, one should have a right of access of both requirement like medical care, job opportunities, education and correspondently settlement.At the same time, a country should ensure retributive of justice which in the first place deals with rights response to law violators. This is facilitated by penalties dispenseed to wrong doing. The major egressions concerning legal environment in which justice and warranter administration operates includes natural laws which involv es the system of go outs which naturally deserves from any action or choice. For every action taking place, there must be an equal opposite reaction which makes administration of justice to be widely distributed and absolute concept.Authority in command is some other environment in which justice operates. The country formulates rules and regulations which governs the people. Whatever is non allowed in the rules is termed as injustice. The state than has the mandate to administer the rules to the people concerned through its authority to command. Justice should likewise operate under mutual agreement of everyone concerned. For this case, the formulation of laws in a country should not favor any group. The biasness leads to unequal administration of justice which in turn can lead to imbalance in the state.The come out of fairness should be considered where by each person should have equal right to the whole system of equal basic liberties compatible with a similar system of fam iliarity for all. The to the lowest degree advantaged should have fare equality of opportunity to social and economic inequalities. Right history plays a major role especially in ownership of property. separately individual should be entitled to having the right kind of history be it from just acquisition especially by working or unowned things or just transfer, from sale or free gift but not from unlawful means like grabbing and stealing.Retributivism is another issue concerning legal environment which justice operates. It involves dealing with justice violators. For instance when one is denies his/her right, that should be reported to authority for necessary steps to be taken. Wrong doing should be equilibrate/made good which is achieved through punishment administration. Justice administration should portray a high independency in investigation of truth. For instance, during judgments, the lawyers and magistrates should not be bias but exertion on truth of the matter to know the reality of a phenomenon.Joint terrorism task force is another area where justice and security administration operates which is a small cell of highly trained, locally based argent for law enforcement in monitoring and investigating terrorists. Obscenity prosecution task force is another field of justice and security operation which deals with protection of Americans families and children through being involved in their nations obscenity laws.Assistance to victims of crime, prisoners and ex-offenders and also women from domestic violence is guaranteed by organization of faith based and community initiatives task force in US through provision of funding opportunities deep down the federal government. Violence in schools has been prevented by the department of justice and department of education through provision of hunt to help schools and communities to educate each other on safeguarding their children. Drug abuse is another issue which has affected the communities development .This has been prevented through mobilization of citizens, use of policing strategies and to school children, through use of after school fun program. Voting is another area, where justice and security should be effectd. Every citizen is allowed by the law to freely choose the leader he/she requires with out any influence. Justice also prohibits interference with access to reproductive health clinics or places of religions worship. Such should be accessible to every citizen. The changes in technology and mass communication has posed a positive effect administration of justice and security.Such includes establishment of the constabulary and Criminal Evidence Act 1984 A century ago before introduction by the police and deplorable evidence, police used to interview suspects generally through transcription of questions and answers from memory. This led to recommendation of gradual introduction of audio recording of police interrogation in police stations which facilitated subordinat e legislation to be drafted in such away to leave the rules regulating the police in the exercise of their investigative powers, including interview recording with suspects.Advancement in technology has also led to public awareness of the laid down regulations through use of medias, law books and magazines. This enables the citizens to read about the new rules and adhere to them appropriately. Technology and mass communication has led to revolution in telecommunications technology since 1978. If changed from making of calls on a fit and most all transoceanic communications in radio communications to todays technology which has reversed, as mot long-haul communications are on wire and local calls often travel by air.Other wholly new methods are also in place today like use of cell phones and electronic mail which were not popular in 1970s. These new developments in technology play a vital role in restoring of security in different part of world because information is acquired im mediately after. Use of detection methods has contributed highly in maintenance of justice and security. This is acquired through use of well trained groups like perception groups who can be able to acquire a certain information before the disaster occurs.Change in technology and mass communication on the other hand can have negative effects in justice and security in that, for instance in times of world wide crisis, acquit conveyance of first hand information can lead to incitation into other parts, hence lead to more damages. Technology also enables violators to use good destructive methods like bombings as for the case in US 1987 bombing Technological change also enabled citizens to know about the democracy. This automatically ruled out the traditional dictatorship leaderships and opened peoples mind to learn about their rights.The issues involved with individual rights versus the needs of the justice system should be balanced to maintain order and public safety. This has been achieved through regulating rules which are not bias to certain group of citizens. For instance, the right of speech should be useable to every citizen. This enables everyone to express his/her self everywhere in the country. Every citizen is also entitled to a freedom of religion. A government should not decide on where and who people should worship but this should be based according to their faith.Assemble is another individual right whereby citizens should congregate anywhere and address their issues. The laws formulated by the government should acquit to such rights for maintenance of order and security. Every citizen should be entitled to right of press in order to express his/her issues to others. The laws should not forbid this right because not unless one expresses himself, the shortcomings in the citizens cannot be known to the government. Voting is another issue whereby an individual should decide wisely on who to elect.In case of any malpractice, this can result to disa greement among the citizens hence lead to civil war in the country. Education opportunities should be available to every citizen in the country. This should be achieved through provision of similar education system of the same quality to all students irrespective of poor or rich families. Health facility is another issue which should be available to every citizen. In order to balance this issue with the justice system, the government should have well stipulated laws allowing free acquisition of medical care to the aged and the children.Employment opportunity is another issue which should be available to every citizen. The provision of this aspect should be justified according to ones qualification. The government should ensure this through setting rules to guide the concerned bodies of employment distribution. Disabled citizens should be treated like any other individual. The government should ensure they are given the first priority in issues like employment opportunities. Equal pr otection should be available to every citizen.Such protection should be under the law which ensures security to citizens either from assaults or scathe by fellow citizens. This represents the right to live surveillance free and not to be identified as a suspect or to live suspiciously. The issue making decision about ones choice should be available to every citizen. For instance one should decide on marriage and reproduction which should be guard by law and order. There should be provision of justice in issues of inheritance. This should occur after death of ones mate whereby his/her wealth should be inherited by the one who is left back.The issue of privacy should be observed as an individual right to every citizen. The law should ensure peoples security in their persons, honses and effects, against unreasonable searches. Another issue includes trial by jury. When one has been arrested, he should be turn up guilty through trial. In all criminal prosecutions, the accused should e njoy the right to a speed and public trial and be notified. About the nature of cause of accusation to be confronted with the witness against him to have a compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor and look for help for his defense.Cruel or unusual punishment is another issue which should be justified by the law to ensure public safety and order. Once an individual has been arrested the issue of demanding excessive bail should not be practiced. Such an individual should be judged and if proved guilty, required punishment should be undertaken without imposing excessive fines or inflicting cruel and unusual punishments which in turn can lead to total harm to the victim. The issue of right to own and enjoy property has been an important aspect of human right.The law should justify that no individual should be deprived of either life, liberty or property without due process of law nor shall private property be taken for public usage and yet there is no payment from the go vernment. Such property include land, among others. References Washburne G,(1923). Imperial control of the Administration of justice in the thirteen American colonies,1984-1776. New York. Brussels P, (12/9/2002). Finding the Balance. Cittation from internet. http//www. crisisgroup. org/

Green Technology Essay

There atomic number 18 many things in this world that atomic number 18 ever evolving in applied science, from vehicles, television, cell ph unrivaleds, and even colour applied science. about of us might not be too familiar with putting surfaceish however, most people intake green engineering without even sharp the difference. The following will address questions concerning green engineering science. 1. What is green technology? 2. What advantages and disadvantages does green technology have? 3. What are the authorised focuses of green technology? 4. How can park technology can be profitable? 5. What are the important facts about green technology? 6. What is the early of passing game green?This is a review of green technology which focuses on these six questions. What is green technology? match to the articleshub. org (2009) the term technology refers to the application of knowledge for practical purposes the field of green technology encompasses a forever evolvin g group of methods and materials, from techniques for generating capability to non-toxic salvageing products. What advantages and disadvantages does green technology have? The advantage of use green skill sources is that it is clean so it does not emit anything harmful into the air which has an impact on the environment.It is also re overboldable which means we will never run out of it unlike oil which is expected to dry up in a decade or so. (Elise, M. , 2010) Disadvantage of green aptitude source is the amount of farm electricity, how much it can generate is not consistent. This is because we have no control of the weather so if a certain area relies on solar energy and there is a weather disturbance, it will not be able to convert sunbathelight into electricity. An an separate(prenominal) disadvantage is the fact that some of the green energy sources cannot be installed in certain areas of the planet.For instance, wave energy can alone be utilized if the waves sexual cli max from the ocean reach at least 16 feet. The use geothermal energy can only be done in geologically unstable parts of the planet. (Elise, M. , 2010) What are the important focuses of green technology? The most important focus of green technology is changing the production and waste patterns This method is the routine of throwing out old methods of production and waste that harm the environment, and creating new ones that produce the same result. Another important part of green technology is innovation. Nvudev. org, 2012) Nvudev. org (2012) stated there is new forward-looking and alternative technology that does not harmfully affect the environment or its people.Another important part of green technology is energy. vital force is another important part of green technology. Energy is a resource that powers the world. Whenever we find new sources of energy and new fashions to distribute that energy is important to the future of the human race. Another focus of this technology is ensuring that products produced are re-usable in the future. Nvudev. rg (2012) believes Green technology is important because the methods the planet uses now are depleting our o-zone. look of green technology as taking the planet earth back a couple of centuries, when a simpler form of survival existed. Technology like this can only be beneficial to the planet. Green technology is the new wave of todays society. To ensure that planet earth still exist one hundred years from now, education in deviation green is essential. The key to this type of technology and way of life is reservation it sustainable for everyone over a recollective period of time.New methods and ideas will be needed to spend a penny a world free of hazardous procedures that humans use too promptly to survive. Elise M. (2010) stated Green technology is a organization that incorporates the new and innovative methods and materials apply to create much(prenominal) environmentally friendly cleaning products. Th e expectation with technology like this is to change the daily everyday habits of society. Green technology focuses on household cleaning products, waste, inventions, clothing, energy sources, etc. Many focus points have technology like this sustainable. How can Green technology can be profitable? jibe to (Schoof, 2012) Green Technology can be profitable. The United Nation in a bad institutional investors meeting at a conference stated climate change is a risk to parry and also the opportunity to make good return on investments. The investors, who control more than $20 zillion worldwide, are looking at climate change from a business perspective even as Washington steers clear of the issue. Clean energy investments worldwide grew 5 percent in 2011 over 2010, condescension financial turmoil in Europe and a wobbly economy in the U. S. , according to a report released.Global clean-energy investments reached $260 gazillion in 2011, about five times more than the $50 one million m illion in 2005, according to a Bloomberg New Energy Finance report. (Schoof, 2012). In the US, only 7% of green energy sources are used nationally. This was much higher 11 years ago. We have to invest more in this clean green energy technology. We can get it from green energy sources such as biomass, biodiesel, geothermal, solar, water and the wind. These are things we have all around us and all it takes is for someone to harness it kind of of relying on traditional non-renewable means to produce energy.Schoof (2012) believes Globally, solar attracted much more investment than any other source of renewable energy. GE invested $5 billion in research and development in clean energy and efficiency technology. If solar energy is being used and the sun is covered, the emergency generators will be activated and use up the energy that was stored from previously sunny days. According to the green technology and global market (2012) BCC Research predicts that the global market for energy- effectual technologies will grow at an aggregated sharpen annual growth rate (CAGR) of 9. % for the 5-year forecast period of 2010-2015, from $200 billion in 2010 to $311. 7 billion by 2015, compared to $331 billion for renewable energy.What are the important facts about using green? By using green energy, wind, solar, geothermal, hydropower, those sorts of things, those are what we call different types of green energy because they are non Im going to call them non-invasive because they do not disrupt our environment, they actually help to improve it by not creating carbonic acid gas emissions and thats where were going.If wind turbines need more space, they can be installed near the coast instead of putting these on land. (Elise M. , 2010) According to Elise, M. (2010) a study shows that you can generate more electricity while these are placed out in the ocean water. In fact, research is ongoing to try and harness other means to generate the power we need. Power is generated by harnessing the different temperatures in the water. It is currently being used on a small scale both in Japan and Hawaii however if may have a lot promise. There are different types of green energy.Green energy is instantaneously related to green energy resources. One of the green energy resources alternative resource, alternative energy renewable is hydroelectric or hydropower, simply water being used to generate electricity. Solar has been used on a small scale for decades. Today solar is now use on a large scale for homes, industry, and buildings. (Young, 2009) Green technology is a system that incorporates the new and innovative methods and materials used to create more environmentally friendly cleaning products. The expectation with technology like this is to change the daily habitual habits of society.Green technology focuses on household cleaning products, waste, inventions, clothing, energy sources, etc. Many focus points make technology like this sustainable. (nvudev. org , 2012) In order for green technology to have an impact on the environment for the long term it must be sustainable for everyone every day. Sustainability refers to the use of new technologies in a way that will not harm the planet. Green technology researches new ways to use our vivid resources without depleting them, and without making it harder for future generations to survive. (nvudev. rg, 2012)What is the future of going green? Technology like solar power and the use of new fossil fuels play a huge part in energy efficiency. Perhaps the most innovative section of green technology is green nanotechnology. This technology refers to the use of both green chemistry and green engineering to perfect the whole notion of going green. If solar energy is being used and the sun is covered, the emergency generators will be activated and use up the energy that was stored from previously sunny days. (Elise, 2010) The future concerning green calculators have taken technology to the next le vel.Green computers are considered environmentally sustainable and eco-friendly. This system of green computers consists of energy efficiency, cost, recycling ability, and environmental sustainability. Thats a lot of energy to use for such a little task. Many companies are working on new and innovative ways to improve computer technology. This is known as green computers. (nvudev. org, 2012) Companies like Dell, Microsoft, Asus, and Gateway are all turning to green computers for the 21 century. The most efficient green computer out of these is the Asus EEE, then the Dell.The dell green computer is already ready for distribution in large numbers. Green computers are smaller, more energy efficient and recycle ready. (nvudev. org, 2012) In my conclusion I have learn that Green Technology is based on the premise that businesses have a responsibility to satisfy human needs and desires while preserving the integrity of the natural environment. There are significant indications that enviro nmental issues will grow in importance over the flood tide years. Long-term sustainability of the planet is likely to require some rather distinct changes in the ethical bearing of its human population.In the short term finding new ways to incorporate technology and put up on exchanges with greater concern for environmental goods and services offer particular promise. Green Technology and the procession of responsible consumption are part of that solution. There are many things in this world that are ever evolving in technology, from vehicles, television, cell phones, and even green technology. Some of us might not be too familiar with green however, most people use green technology without even knowing the difference.

Defense Information System

Defense info System (DIS) refers to a military global defend telecommunication network that simplifies the conveyance of learning in a worldwide space. It is driven by transmittal requirements, trade protection demands, and geographical needs of the targeted end-user groups (Soomro 2016).Centrally, it is designed and managed to provide a long-haul entropy transfer. Furthermore, it is configured to provide a more sophisticated point to-point exchanged voice and data, teleconferencing video and image services. The DIS offers an compound in operation(p) standard user services to satisfy the connectivity requirements. It is a digital-based defense strategy, that facilitates access to vital schooling crosswise the globe through efficiently designed services such as information assurance, data services, multilanded estateal sharing of information and figurer hosting.Moreover, DIS forms a key spectrum of military force operations which embroil defensive attitude tactics, humanita rian efforts, offensive tactics as well as counterterrorism (Stahl, 2008). The ultimate goal of Defense information system is to help in achieving information governance by providing an effective infrastructure that may be of an advantage to the user in a combat.On the other hand, ethics refers to the prescribed code of conduct which are morally justified to administer the defense information system.Major ethical takes involved herein allow privacy of information, Access to information, information accuracy and right to Intellectual property. Rapid growth in information technology through its improved dimensions for communication, computation, surveillance, retrieval and storage has sounded an alarm on privacy matters (Kizza, 2007). This is to say that, the unethical retrieval of data and access to information by unauthorized persons has greatly threatened the privacy of integrated trade protection system systems networks.Therefore, principles of ethics agitates for protection of privacy policies in relation to access of every sensitive information. Information accuracy is another ethical issue of c at oncern. Upholding to an inaccurate information is misleading hence, it is a sole debt instrument of the defense information system to be vigilant in pursuing the accuracy of its information. Imperatively, they should be real that their information are based on facts as opposed to fiction (Stahl, 2008).The final ethical issue in defense information system is the right of intellectual property. This forms the most complex right set about by many in the contemporary society and the military is not an exemption. Substantial ethical concerns surround this stem from the information traits which makes it transferable. Any Defense Information system information is believed to be costly (Stahl, 2008). Furthermore, once produced, it is easier to copy and transfer to others.This makes it problematic to safeguard such information due to its intangible nature. It is worth noting that several(prenominal) institutions such as copyrights and patents have come in to managed and protect the rights of intellectual properties. The worldwide process is narrow the space steadily as a result of what Kant describes as the public use of reason. Information technology has greatly improved the effectiveness of the Defense Information System.It has enabled quick decision making through enabled fast access to functionalities of creating, finding, using and sharing of the needed information. Quicker access to information by commanders from anywhere has withal improved control and commanding. Additionally, it has also accelerated the speed of actions thus heightened the ability to coordinate all security issues across the globe.Other expeditious contributions of information technology on DIS includes improved cyber security, improved information security postures, as well as the defense effectiveness. However, the state territory is privately constrained by current interests which differ from the individual reflection concerning the general subjects in a public domain. The greater disparity indeed emanates from the free public use of internet and other media due to their enormous private control.Since information is provided on demand in our cloud computing era, access to web-based tools by users via browsers has led to abstraction of customer details, which has embossed questions of privacy and transparency. Ethics in relation to privacy of information for both individuals and organizations have been heavily touched negatively as a result of technology (Mingers, 2010).On this aspect, cyberspace has posted more security threats to nation-states in a context of increased dependency of worldwide networks and computer based interactions. Cyber-attacks, scams, image manipulations, infringements to computer systems and copying particular unauthorized software demonstrates the unethical practices facing the defense information system uni t. It is accordingly imperative for stiff ethical measures to be put in place to hasten security of the nation states with the advancements in technology.Contemporarily, no state agency can apply control to privacy to prevent the moving picture of ones close secrets to others (Zizek, 2013). Regarding to the larger size of data, computers have failed to interpret and register multi-millions of data therefore making it difficult to detect suspicious message making state communication of information more unsafe. However, the defense information system has not been much helpful due to increased illegal malpractices according to Snowden and other whistleblowers.On this regard, denouncing of the public authorities and engaging in public use of information has greatly threatened the concealment of individuals (Snowden, 2013). In conclusion, defense information system is a telecommunication network enabled system designed to modify the transfer of information across the globe. It was maj orly implemented by the military operational forces in United States which include defensive tactics, humanitarian efforts, offensive tactics as well as counterterrorism.The ultimate goal was to carry out control of information by providing an effective infrastructure for users in a combat and to improve on the general security across the globe. However, ethical issues in defense information system include privacy of information, accuracy of information, access to information and the Property right. Despite of the drawbacks, DIS has remained focused to work with the new technological innovations and achieve their set missions.