The Economic Transformation Programme Economics Essay

The Economic Transformation Programme Economics Essay By year 2020,the government had planned that Malaysia will become a high income economy by having the Economic Transformation Program. An agency to only supervised these programmes is under the Prime Minister Department of Malaysia which are Performance Management and Delivery Unit (PEMANDU). September 21, 2010 is the launching date for this programme, it is anextensive economic transformation plan to bring Malaysias economy into high income economy. 11 Economic Transformation Program-me projects and nine under three Economic Corridors with investments totalling RM26.09bil had been announced by our beloved Prime Minister, Datuk Seri NajibTunRazak. It is expected to lift Malaysias Gross National Income (GNI) to US$523 billion by 2020, from US$6,700 to at least US$15,000 in raise per capita income, in order to be the World Banks doorstep for high income country. It is predicted that Malaysia will be able to be inline with the plan if GNI arises by 6% per annum. The 60% of the blueprints investment had been set to revitalize Malaysias private sector would, besides, from these 60 percent, 32% is from government linked companies and left with 28% more is from the government.National Key Economic Areas(NKEA) are called for various sectors for development. Figure 1.0 shows the 11 ETP projects are in seven areas which focused on oil, gas and energy, Greater Kuala Lumpur/Klang Valley, communications content and infrastructure, business services, healthcare, tourism and education. The location for the economic corridor projects are Sabah Development Corridor, Northern Corridor Economic Region as well as Iskandar Malaysia. The biggest in terms of investment is the to regenerate and revitaliseFurthermore,in the investment field,Malaysia had planned for a Greater Kuala Lumpur by remake the old township of Petaling Jaya. The plan in details are that the 40 acres (16ha) of PJ Sentral Garden City development will be a brand new green central business district of Selangor, supporting Kuala Lumpur and also cover the business hubs near by the city and state. A project also had been planned with Nusa Gapurna Development SdnBhd that is expected to produce 36,828 jobs with a GNI (gross national income) impact of RM522.97mil. Another company is GPS Tech Solutions SdnBhd which is public transportation companies and authorities will work with to roll out a web and smartphone application to provide real-time tracking of public transportation. Moreover, buses with wireless connectivity will be provided through MyPUTRAS (Malaysian Public Transportation System).It costs about RM16.29mil project. MyPUTRAS (is) a free online smart portal and smartphone application which will cater real-time tracking of buses, include time of arrival and departure which make it more convenient to all public transport users. The liberalisation of six sub-sectors under the Competition, Standards and Liberalisation strategic reform initiative. These sub-sectors are the legal services, medical specialist services, dental specialist services, international schools, private universities and telecommunications (Network Facilities Providers (NFP) and Network Services Providers (NSP) sector. Thus,it brings a total of 15 from 17 sub-sectors that were announced during the Budget 2012. Another field, engineering and architectural services, as well as quantity surveying (a new sub-sector), will be the amended legislation giving effect to the liberalisation is passed. This ETP are expected to RM10.1b boost gross national Income, in addition to 64,282 jobs created by 2020. Investment is also one of the main attraction of Malaysia due to the global uncertainty.The strong economic growth had attract many foreign investors and had seen Malaysia as a developing country. Our economists had forecasted that Malaysia will have a strong domestic consumption that keeps expanding especially on our structural changes and also the projects that had been in Economic Transformation Programe. The Performance Management and Delivery Unit (Pemandu) also believe that we also have to monitor the plan to be followed accordingly. They make a laboratory in order to know the progress of the ETP. In 2010, 131 entry point projects (EPPs) and 60 business opportunities have been identified in this laboratory in a period of 2 months by 425 people that involve in it between government and private sector .211 organizationshad taken place, which are Shell, Exxon-Mobil, MYDIN, Sime Darby, Genting Plantations, Petronas, PricewaterhouseCoopers, Celcom, Ericsson, Maybank, Tesco, Sunway Medical Centre, Masterskill University College, The Body Shop, AirAsia, Malaysia Airlines, RapidKL and Digi Telecommunications. It is approximated that these initiatives will generate RM500 billion of national income per year and create up to 2.2 million jobs by 2020. The private sector had contributed 92% ot the jobs opportunities. National Key Economic Areas Since 92% of the total investments will originate from private sector, the sector is much involved in the planning of this transformation blueprint. A workshop had been organised by Performance and Delivery Unit (PEMANDU) to identify the 12 National Key Economic Areas (NKEA). The NKEA is the key driver to the success of this program as such activities have the potential to contribute significantly to the growth of the economy of Malaysia. Besides that, there are 131 entry point projects (EPP) identified under the NKEA, which includes a high speed railway connecting Penang to Singapore and MRT in Kuala Lumpur. Economic activities that are categorized as NKRA will be prioritized in government planning and funds allocation. Policies will be amended to facilitate fast track implementation of such activities, including liberalizing the market and removal of bottlenecks. With this policy, private companies are invited to get involved, with PEMANDU pushing for the implementation to speed up the implementation. Among the companies that are involved in the transformation programme are YTL, Shell Malaysia, Airasia, HovidInc, Select-TV, Exxon-Mobil, Dialog Group, TenagaNasional, Cisco. As an example, in oil, gas, and energy sector, that is the strength of Malaysias economic growth. As of 2010 the energy sector has been an essential part of Malaysias economic growth and it contributes 20 percent of GDP. Another strength is the palm oil industry.As of 2010 ,the fourth largest component of the national economy is belong to Malaysia and contribute to RM53 billion of gross national income. The industry cater the value chain from plantations to processing. The development of this industry is largely for private and remains heavily oriented towards plantations. With the contraints in land available to continue the evolution of plantations, the government craving to boostcompetency in production and focus on adapting great value through downstream activities. The Palm Oil NKEA is purposely forgiving high impact in total contributions to national income from the palm oil industry by RM125 billion to forecasted RM178 billion by 2020. The government aims that 41,000 new jobs will be created in this field. Palm oil related EPPs which focused more on upstream productivity and downstream expansion. These EPPs will focus on replanting of aging oil palms, mechanising plantations, stringently enforcing best practices to enhance yields, implementing strict quality control to enhance oil extraction, and developing biogas facilities at palm mills to capture the methane released during milling. Downstream expansion and sustainability will be achieved by capturing the lucrative market segments that focus more on refined products such as oleo-derivatives, food, health products, and bio-fules. These projects are believed will require funding of RM124 billion over the next 10 years with 98 percent of the funding coming from the private sector as being said by the government. The government has given renewed focus to Malaysias international economic relations, including liberalization and increasing interaction with the global economy. This approach is understandable for a small, open economy that is particularly  dependent on export-driven growth, and faces considerable pressure to attract FDI and increase its exports. Malaysia no longer takes a rigid, narrow stance in choosing its economic partners having decided not to confine itself to one particular global orientation, be it east or west and is signatory to several FTAs through ASEAN. These include FTAs that ASEAN concluded with China, India, Australia, New Zealand, Japan and Korea. Beyond this, Malaysia has also entered into bilateral agreements with Japan, India, New Zealand and Pakistan. Reform in other areas will be equally essential. Government procurement, intellectual property rights and the opening of the domestic financial market (as well as other services) will each have to be addressed. Hopefully, the government will also be nudged into fulfilling the states traditional role of providing citizens with greater access to education, health care, housing and a good public transportation system. First, the attempt to forge links with economies as diverse as China, Pakistan and Chile can be criticised for lacking focus. A slower rate of global engagement might have been preferable, but the international race to conclude FTAs would have excluded Malaysia, had this strategy not been pursued. The government wanted to seize the opportunity to cast its net wider for overseas markets, and the 2008 crisis pushed Malaysia to explore such opportunities. In effect, Malaysia may be seeking membership in a multiplicity of arrangements without any overarching strategy. But to define the objective of entering into an FTA as solely to secure more markets is naÃÆ' ¯ve. Second, the government has given a special priority to developing links with Islamic economies. The Developing 8 Preferential Agreement (with eight developing Islamic countries) and the Trade Preferential System among the Organisation of the Islamic Conference countries are two particularly relevant agreements that Malaysia has ratified in this regard. Sidelining economic relations with Islamic economies, even when the rationale is questionable, can evoke sensitivities among certain quarters of the policy community, but Najib has deftly sidestepped these issues and has forged ties as much with Pakistan  as with China. It would, of course, be hugely myopic to ignore China or India in Malaysias international economic relations. The government strategy for global economic engagement has been criticised on several grounds, and as negotiations for the TPP and the EU-Malaysia FTA progress, opposition could mount. Nevertheless, early successes will put Malaysia in good stead to pursue a dual approach of increasing interactions with the global economy while implementing strong domestic reforms. Fiscal Policy in Malaysia Malaysia follows an explicit fiscal policy rule that disallows an operating deficit in any given year. This aims at making a credible commitment to long term fiscal sustainability by applying discipline to annual budgets. As mentioned before in this report, the implementation of Economic Transformation Plan to move towards high income has proven to be vertically taken off with most targets has been achieved and exceeded within the span of more than 2 years. Based on the executive report by bank Negara Malaysia (BNM), Malaysia is moving from a resource based economy into more service centric economy as most of high-income nations globally. Fiscal policy can be further explained as the use of government spending and taxation to further influenced the economy. It is typically to promote a sustainable growth of economy in the long run as well as stabilizing the macroeconomic post crisis such as expanding spending, tax cutting to further stimulate a recovering economy. In the longer term, the government can foster a sustainable economy by improving infrastructures, providing better education and scholarship to boost the professional participation among the public, encourage public participation in corporate as well as academic. In the short term the fall in exports was offset by an unprecedented fiscal stimulus programme launched over two rounds started in 2008. In the total governments countercyclical measures amounted to an estimated RM67, 000,000,000, which were allocated to support private enterprise. The second package which was announced on March 2009, set aside RM 5,000,000,000 to support firms that need access to working capital, with specific involvement in tourism, aviation and auto industries. As such, Malaysia is sought to speed up the implementation of existing infrastructure projects such as the extended rail of Light Railway Transit (LRT), Mass Rapid Transit (MRT), targeting in particular the expansion of high speed broadband network, and also airport upgrades. Although Malaysia has relatively low debt to GDP ratio of around 50%, the global issue of sovereign debt with Greece in early 2010 is likely to put pressure on Malaysia to introduce fiscal tightening measures to prevent increased lending cost. The fiscal deficit target for 2010 has been revised to 5.3% taking into consideration RM12,000,000,000 supplementary budget and the revised 2010 GDP. The 2009 budget gap reached 7% of GDP, largely due to fiscal stimulus plan. The level of government expenditure is forecasted to decline faster with the government promising to introduce an efficiency drive and reduce the subsidies on fuel, food and education. This measure would help to reduce the structural and fiscal deficit, ensuring the governments consolidation efforts have a permanent impact. The spending target set for 2010 is RM 201,700,000,000 in 2010 and the fiscal deficit is expected to decline to 5.3%. Formulation of Fiscal Rules Basically there are 3 major types of fiscal policy rules. First is the balanced-budget or deficit rules comprises of 3 balance between the overall revenue and expenditure; or limit on government deficit as proportion of GDP. Another one is balance between structural and expenditure, and balance between current revenue and current expenditure. The second type of fiscal policy rules is the borrowing rules which prohibits on government borrowing from domestic sources as well as prohibits government borrowing from central bank; or limit on such borrowing as a proportion of past government revenue or expenditure. The third and last fiscal rule is debt or reserve rules which limits on stock of gross government liabilities as a proportion of GDP and target stock of reserves of extrabudgetay contingency funds (such as social security fund) a a proportion of annual benefit payments. In achieving a strong commitment to fiscal sustainability as well as in ensuring the sustainable long term growth, Malaysia is facing implementation constraint; however there is need to adjust the existing procedure to result in enhancing its efficiency. Flexibility can be incorporated into fiscal rules by expanding the horizon for budget formulation including the application of fiscal rules; to cover the course of a business cycle would provide the economy with improved shock-absorptive capacity. For instance, the rule on the annual operating budget for Malaysia could be modified from one year to allow an operating deficit during an economic downturn while observing the balance over the course of a business cycle. It often takes awhile to implement the spending measures, and may be in effect even longer than needed. This would require a medium-term fiscal framework for planning and forecasting. Second, the government can introduce contingency measures during the budget process. It can be either to add stimulus or withdraw as it required. This could include the elimination of a surtax and introduction of a stabilization fund. Although a cut increase in capital spending is effective, but it should be used only as a last resort. This can be triggered during budget execution if actual budge performance deviates significantly from the planned path. Similarly, the scope of stabilizers can be improvised by a more progressive tax system. For instance, tax on high-income household at a higher rate than off the lower income household. There are two types of taxes that can be imposed which are levied to transfer fund from private to public use namely direct taxes levied from income, profit and wealth as well as indirect taxes such as excise duty, sales taxes, quit rent and so on.

Touch of Evil: Abuse of Power and Corruption in the Police Force

James Temple Coms 356 Paper on Lighting I believe an important theme of Touch of Evil is the abuse of power and corruption in the police force. The film follows detectives as they try and find out who planted dynamite in a car which blew up. Detective Hank Quinlan shows up on the scene and has a feeling that the dynamite was planted by someone on the Mexican side. Detective Quinlan is a corrupt detective who does anything he can to drag evil doers to justice. His fellow officers awe him and his reputation to take justice into his own hands. Detective Quinlan can be both a good and evil guy. In the first example, Chiaroscuro lighting is used to darken Hank Quinlan’s face. This lighting shows how Quinlan is an evil individual who gets what he wants. This lighting is of low key since it is hard to see Quinlan’s face. To the right of Quinlan is one of the Mexican mob men and Susan with light shining on them coming from the right side of the screen. This light is of high key and high contrast. The light is shining on Susan as if this scene wants to show us how she is good and that she is just an innocent bystander. On the face of Hank is a stern look which gives him a sinister appearance that he’ll do anything to obtain justice. The Mexican mob guy is standing there with his hands up with light shining all over him as to say that he is a good guy and hasn’t done anything wrong but we know that this isn’t the case. In the second example, we have light shining on Hank Quinlan and Ramon Vargas. Here the lighting is of high key and high contrast. This is picture is when Quinlan tells Vargas that the dynamite has been in this box, but Vargas tells him that he just looked in the box and it wasn’t in there before. Vargas’ face is lit showing that he is of innocence and is a good guy. On the other hand Quinlan has his hat on which cast a little shadow over his eyes showing that he is evil. We can tell that Quinlan is up to something and that it was most likely him who put the dynamite stick in the box. Detective Quinlan has a lot of power and he uses it to the fullest. [pic] Example 1 [pic] Example 2

Why Teens Make Bad Decisions

Topic : Why do teens make bad decisions ? Don't be afraid to go after what you want to do, and what you want to be. But don't be afraid to be willing to pay the price. In the last 20 years, the earnings level of dropouts doubled, while it nearly tripled for college graduates. Approximately 4 in 10 young women in the U. S. become pregnant at least once before turning 20 years old. These are perfect examples of bad decisions teens make in life . Teenagers can’t be considered as adults because their lack of maturity and their brain aren’t developed yet .Teens lack their maturity to care of the consequences of there actions . They can get into it from fun , pressure , and being curious/experiment . A part of a teens brain isn’t developed fully so that’s what makes them stupid . The human brain for females fully develops by the age 19 – 21 and for guys it’s 25 . Teenagers usually are not willing to get something from hard work so they find an easy way out of it . Things like smoking , doing drugs , and drinking .Many kids get peer pressure either because that’s the only choice they have , like in a party they don’t want to feel like a loser or a outcast or because they started hanging out with different people and they happened to do drugs . People are influenced by peers because they want to fit in, be like peers they admire, do what others are doing, or have what others have. Also influence by the way they dress and act, things they're involved in, and the attitudes they show. Not all peer pressure is bad , peers can set good examples for each other .Having peers who are committed to school or doing good in a sport will most likely influence you to do the same . Your peers encourage you to work hard for something you really want . Your friends will be their to listen and support you when your down and upset . Your friends listen and give you their opinion on things . They can also help you make decisions , fr iends often give each other good advice and will be quick to tell you when you might be doing the wrong thing or maybe something risky .Many kids are raised right and taught well but they still do bad decisions due to lack of parenting . When a kid and parents fight that kid has more than enough â€Å"emotional support† from the wrong people, who agree with his side of things, outside his family. Bad parenting never helps a child grow into a solid, sensible, teen; but I'm convinced that many, if not most, bad choices teens make are not the result of bad parenting. The goal for parents is to create an environment where teens can trust and learn from .It’s very important that parents be aware about how they act and feel so that they can talk about the situation appropriately when there dealing with a teenager whose doing bad decisions . Approximately 80% of adult smokers started smoking before the age of 18. Every day, nearly 3,000 young people under the age of 18 become regular smokers. One reason often heard from people using drugs is that they do it to make them feel good .Some might light up a cigarette at a party . They might not consider themselves a † smoker † but they do it to feel good or to † look cool † . Some teens might smoke pot in a friends house because they would think its fun . Little did they know that the same effects can occur whether you’re drinking to have fun or drinking to forget a problem whether you're doing drugs to see how they feel or doing them to be one of the crowd . No one wants to be left out.So sometimes they make bad decisions , like taking drugs , to cover up their insecurities. They don't think about how drugs can isolate you from your friends and family. Lots of people turn to drugs for a little excitement because they say there’s nothing else to do . But people who make these kinds of decisions usually find out that drugs are a waste . Drugs don’t change the situa tion they might make it worse . In addition another reason why teenagers take drugs is because they want to escape and relax .The thing is , the problems are still there and not only do they still have to deal with it , they have to deal with it when they’re not thinking straight . The number one drug that teens use is marijuana . Anyway it goes in your body will mess up the way your brain works and ability to do good decisions . These bad decisions can involve making sexual choices that are unsafe , saying things your going to regret later . Whats more negative then all of those is that it can effect your memory and your ability to learn .Marijuana affects different people in different ways , but the following short-term effects are common : problems with thinking and solving problems difficulty remembering and learning things altered perception of light, sound and touch clumsiness increased appetite increased heart rate No matter why other people are using it , you don†™t have to join them . You’re the one that needs to speak up and make smart choices . Many teens make the mistake of giving into their urgues without thinking things through . Sex is more then just a pleasurable act , it’s a risk .Most teens don’t stop to think about having sex . Deciding whether it’s right for you to have sex is one of the most important decisions teens ever have to make . In fact considering some factors both physical ones , like a possibility of becoming pregnant or getting a sexually transmitted disease (STD) . On the other hand some teens who are going out don’t pressure each other about sex , truth is that in many relationships one person wants to have sex but the other one doesn’t .One person in a relationship is more curious and has stronger sexual feelings than the other . As with almost every other major decision in life , teenagers ned to do what is right for them and no one else . Sex should be an expression of love not something a person feels that they must do . If a boyfriend or girlfriend truly love you they wouldn’t pressure you to do something you aren’t ready for yet . Each person must use his or her judgment and decide if it’s the right time and the right person .Alcohol use is very common among teens , especially drinking five or more alcholic beverages over the course of a few hours , it’s dangerous for a teen because it puts them at risk of health problems now and the future . Everyone knows that the legal drinking age throughout the United States is 21. But according to the National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse , almost 80% of high school students have tried alcohol. When large amounts of alcohol are consumed in a short period of time , alcohol poisoning can result .Some reasons that teens use alcohol and other drugs are : curiosity to feel good , reduce stress , and relax to fit in to feel older Although it’s illegal to buy alcoho l in the united states until 21 , many teens can get access to it . Therefore it’s up to the teen to make the decision about drinking . Teens who drink are likely to get into fights and commit crimes . Teens who drink are more likely to be sexually active and have unprotected sex . Use of alcohol causes the chance that a teen will be involved in a car crash , homicide , or suicide .One thing leads to another and then another and then another. Before you know it , you've made a bad decision based on the bad decision you made before that one . As a teen your trying to find your own place in the world . Making decisions for yourself , those decisions can be good ones or bad . parents can’t sit back and watch you make mistakes to learn from . If your parents think that you are hiding things from them in order to do things they wouldn’t approve .You must behave in an open and honest manner with your parents at all times . You need to give them an idea of how you thin k and behave when there not around . Many teens take their relationships every bit as seriously as adults . Parents need to be positive about the teens friends and get to know them . Like it or not , the teenager friends will be most likely be their strongest influence and support when it comes to dating . Dating helps teenagers to get along with others , communicate , and make decisions .It is an important part of growing up . Here are some teenagers' statistics and facts about sexuality in the United States : Parents rate high among teens as trustworthy and preferred information sources on birth control. Half of teens say they trust their parents for reliable and complete information on birth control. Teens say that parents most influence their decisions about dating and relationships. 89 percent of parents think they've had helpful conversations with their teens about sex.Only 71 percent of teens agree. Body image can be a real problem for every teenager . Body image is a personà ¢â‚¬â„¢s opinion , thoughts , and feelings about their body and physical appearance . Body image means feeling satisfied with the way you look , appreciating your body , and accepting it’s imperfections . So how a teen feels about their body will affect on how they feel about themselves . If the teen gets to focused on not liking the way they look , their self esteem can go down .While it's important to have a positive body image , getting too focused on body image and appearance can cause a teen to overlook the other positive parts of themselves . Teenagers are more worried about body image than the environment , school and peer pressure. Self esteem is all about how much people value themselves , the pride they feel In themselves , and how they feel . It’s important because feeling good about yourself will affect you on the way that you act . Some people think they need to change how they look or act to feel good about themselves.That’s not the right way to so lve your insecuritys about yourself , all you need to do is change the way you see your body and what you think about yourself . Sexually transmitted diseases ( STD ) are infections diseases that spread from person to person . STD can affect guys and girls from all ages who are having sex . If you untreat some STD’s can cause permanent damage like not having a baby or even death . STD’s spread easily because you can’t tell whether someone has it or not .In fact some teens have STD’s and don’t even know it . These teens are in danger of passing the infection to their sex partner without realizing it . Two of the main reasons people are bullied are because of appearance and social status . Bullies pick on people they don’t fit in , maybe because of how they look , how they act , or their race or religion . Teens in a popular group often bully people they think is different by excluding them and talk about them . A lot of bullies have things in common .They like to take over and focus on themselves . They sometimes have no feelings or caring to other people . Bullies put other people down to make themselves feel more powerful . And some bullies act the way they do because they’ve been hurt by bullies in the past or maybe the bully was in there family like their parents or even another adult . Bullying backfires and makes everyone feel bad and miserable even the bullies themselves . People might feel intimidated by bullies , but they don't respect them.

Practical Experience and On-the-Job Training

Practical Experience and On-the-Job Training Hashtag: #MasterChef Practical Experience and On-the-Job Training Since cooking is one of the few occupations where one can get most of his training on the job, it is often favorable for an aspiring chef to work as a kitchen staff and gain practical or actual experience in a real world commercial kitchen. Most successful chefs according to study, are always eager to learn about food, they love the kitchen, and take advantage of opportunities offered by the kitchen to develop the skills and personality of a great chef. For example, the ability to think clearly,  stay  focused, and make quick decisions at a fast pace, demanding, and noisy environment are characteristics of a great chef progressively developed in the kitchen. YOUR FUTURE IN 180 MINUTES EXAM Practical skills  and experience are a tacit knowledge that is unique and difficult to imitate. It is the source of differentiation and competitive advantage that allows an individual to innovate, add value, ensure accuracy, and product quality. Expert chefs with significant tacit knowledge are capable of preparing any meal without consulting a cookbook because they have years of practical cooking experience. Moreover, expert chefs with sufficient practical experience are already accustomed to the taste, texture, color, and aroma of a particular meal and therefore able to mix ingredients without measuring devices and cook delicious meals without cooking timers. Formal Culinary Education Some Master Chef’s cooking skills are not only developed through years of practical experience but formal culinary education. The reason is that most Certification Standards for chefs performing in the executive and master level are based on experience and formal education. An aspiring chef, therefore, regardless of years of practical experience must obtain formal culinary education before he or she can be certified and land a job in better restaurants or hotels with high hiring standards. Some known advantage of having a degree or certificate from a professional and reputable culinary school is increased potential in landing a job, gaining knowledge of different cooking methods, learning theoretical cooking techniques from highly trained culinary school teachers, and getting certified in different areas of food education such as food preparation, food science, and food studies. Formal culinary education can also help aspiring chefs to experience and appreciate team building and develop a personal discipline that will set them apart from others. This discipline can help them keep everything in perspective; make them better employees and a great leader to other chefs. It is important to remember that although advantageous, the need to go to formal culinary school depends entirely on the job you want to pursue. For instance, chef levels with relatively little responsibility do not need formal education as they can land a job in school, hospital, and other institutions that only require high school diploma and adequate restaurant experience.

Field Marshal John French in World War I

Field Marshal John French in World War I John French - Early Life Career: Born September 28, 1852 at Ripple Vale, Kent, John French was son of Commander John Tracy William French and his wife Margaret. The son of a naval officer, French intended to follow in his fathers footsteps and sought training at Portsmouth after attending Harrow School. Appointed a midshipman in 1866, French soon found himself assigned to HMS Warrior. While aboard, he developed a debilitating fear of heights which forced him to abandon his naval career in 1869. After serving in the Suffolk Artillery Militia, French transferred to the British Army in February 1874. Initially serving with the 8th Kings Royal Irish Hussars, he moved through a variety of cavalry regiments and achieved the rank of major in 1883. John French - In Africa: In 1884, French took part in the Sudan Expedition which moved up the Nile River with the goal of relieving Major General Charles Gordons forces which were besieged at Khartoum. En route, he saw action at Abu Klea on January 17, 1885. Though the campaign proved a failure, French was promoted to lieutenant colonel the following month. Returning to Britain, he received command of the 19th Hussars in 1888 before moving into various high-level staff posts. During the late 1890s, French led the 2nd Cavalry Brigade at Canterbury before assuming command of the 1st Cavalry Brigade at Aldershot. John French - Second Boer War: Returning to Africa in late 1899, French took command of the Cavalry Division in South Africa. He was thus in place when the Second Boer War commenced that October. After defeating General Johannes Kock at Elandslaagte on October 21, French took part in the larger relief of Kimberley. In February 1900, his horsemen played a key role in the triumph at Paardeberg. Promoted to the permanent rank of major general on October 2, French was also knighted. A trust subordinate of Lord Kitchener, the Commander-in-Chief in South Africa, he later served as Commander of Johannesburg and Cape Colony. With the end of the conflict in 1902, French was elevated to lieutenant general and appointed to the Order of St. Michael and St. George in recognition of his contributions. John French - Trusted General: Returning to Aldershot, French assumed command of 1st Army Corps in September 1902. Three years later he became the overall commander at Aldershot. Promoted to general in February 1907, he became Inspector-General of the Army that December. One of the British Armys stars, French received the honorary appointment of Aide-de-Camp General to the King on June 19, 1911. This was followed by an appointment as Chief of the Imperial General Staff the following March. Made field marshal in June 1913, he resigned his position on the Imperial General Staff in April 1914 after a disagreement with Prime Minister H. H. Asquiths government regarding the Curragh Mutiny. Though he resumed his post as Inspector-General of the Army on August 1, Frenchs tenure proved brief due to the outbreak of World War I. John French - To the Continent: With the British entry into the conflict, French was appointed to command the newly-formed British Expeditionary Force. Consisting of two corps and a cavalry division, the BEF began preparations to deploy to the Continent. As planning moved forward, French clashed with Kitchener, then serving as Secretary of State for War, over where the BEF should be placed. While Kitchener advocated a position near Amiens from which it could mount a counterattack against the Germans, French preferred Belgium where it would be supported by the Belgium Army and their fortresses. Backed by the Cabinet, French won the debate and began moving his men across the Channel. Reaching the front, the British commanders temper and prickly disposition soon led to difficulties in dealing with his French allies, namely General Charles Lanrezac who commanded the French Fifth Army on his right. Establishing a position at Mons, the BEF entered action on August 23 when it was attacked by the German First Army. Though mounting a tenacious defense, the BEF was forced to retreat as Kitchener had anticipated when advocating the Amiens position. As French fell back, he issued a confusing series of orders which were ignored by Lieutenant General Sir Horace Smith-Dorriens II Corps which fought a bloody defensive battle at Le Cateau on August 26. As the retreat continued, French began to lose confidence and became indecisive. Shaken by the high losses sustained, he became increasingly concerned about his mens welfare rather than aiding the French. John French - The Marne to Digging In: As French began contemplating withdrawing to the coast, Kitchener arrived on September 2 for an emergency meeting. Though angered by Kitcheners interference, the discussion convinced him to keep the BEF at the front and to take part in French Commander-in-Chief General Joseph Joffres counteroffensive along the Marne. Attacking during the First Battle of the Marne, Allied forces were able to halt the German advance. In the weeks after the battle, both sides began the Race to the Sea in an effort to outflank the other. Reaching Ypres, French and the BEF fought the bloody First Battle of Ypres in October and November. Holding the town, it became a point of contention for the rest of the war. As the front stabilized, both sides began constructing elaborate trench systems. In an effort to break the deadlock, French opened the Battle of Neuve Chapelle in March 1915. Though some ground was gained, casualties were high and no breakthrough was attained. Following the setback, French blamed the failure on a lack of artillery shells which initiated the Shell Crisis of 1915. The following month, the Germans began the Second Battle of Ypres which saw them take and inflict substantial losses but fail to capture the town. In May, French returned to the offensive but was bloodily repulsed at Aubers Ridge. Reinforced, the BEF attacked again in September when it began the Battle of Loos. Little was gained in three weeks of fighting and French received criticism for his handling of British reserves during the battle. John French - Later Career: Having clashed repeatedly with Kitchener and having lost the confidence of the Cabinet, French was relieved in December 1915 and replaced by General Sir Douglas Haig. Appointed to command the Home Forces, he was elevated to Viscount French of Ypres in January 1916. In this new position, he oversaw the suppression of the 1916 Easter Rising in Ireland. Two years later, in May 1918, the Cabinet made French British Viceroy, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, and Supreme Commander of the British Army in Ireland. Fighting with various nationalist groups, he sought to destroy Sinn Fà ©in. As a result of these actions, he was the target of a failed assassination attempt in December 1919. Resigning his post on April 30, 1921, French moved into retirement. Made Earl of Ypres in June 1922, French also received a retirement grant of  £50,000 in recognition of his services. Contracting cancer of the bladder, he died on May 22, 1925, while at Deal Castle. Following a funeral, French was buried at St. Mary the Virgin Churchyard in Ripple,Kent. Selected Sources First World War: Field Marshal John FrenchTrenches on the Web: Field Marshal John French

Applied Buyer Behaviour In Global Context Essay

Applied Buyer Behaviour In Global Context - Essay Example †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 9 References†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦11 Introduction Snickers is a product name candy bar prepared by Mars, Incorporated. â€Å"Hungry? Why wait? Seize Snickers† (Sunshine 2013). These ads of Snickers seize the audience’s concentration through the use of: background, intellectual illustrations, and color subjects. In the November 2012 theme of Rolling Stone, Snickers permits readers to vigorously engage in their comedic ad, the advertisement first seizes the reader’s concentration by situating â€Å"You are not you when you are ravenous† as well as the utterances â€Å"Satisfies† wrong way up at the top hub of the page (Sunshine 2013). Right away I thought about the clout of food, exclusively the clout of chocolaty sweets. I then came to recognize that the circumstance sufficed as a support system to primarily let reader’s be acquainted with that the manufactured goods is worth the buy and will abscond them satisfied (Wilson 2012). Next, I observed the hub of the advertisement where I adage the visage of a man (Sunshine 2013). The man’s temper in the advertisement can be illustrated as gloomy because of the grimace he displays. In addition, the depiction also shows a delightful man with a Snicker under his visage along with the expression â€Å"Satisfies† (Wilson 2012). This man demonstrates the two in one association between a purchaser who has had a Snickers and a purchaser who has not had a Snickers (Sunshine 2013). The design allows the person who reads to presume that a solitary person has two diverse egos: happy and upset. I came to be familiar with a constant theme; Snickers want clients to know that you turn out to be a diverse person within yourself devoid of the immense ta ng of a Snicker (Wilson 2012). Who is the advert targeted at? Snickers Ad expressions campaign targets foragers so famished they cannot hex (Mercides 2013). Targeting misspelled key expressions has long been a line of attack in search engine optimization and referrals or pay-per-click marketing in order to incarcerate traffic that while it valor not have as numerous impressions, it can be over and over again cheaper than the suitably spelled term or easier to position for the phrase (Mercides 2013). However, Snickers has taken this stratagem to a whole innovative level, not only targeting misspelled keywords, but as well as using their ad duplicate to play on the verity that the entity misspelled what he or she was incisive for (Christo 2012). The ad is always targeting any internet user and any other working civilian (Mercides 2013). It may also target the television fans and sports viewers, snickers is one of the promoting beneficiaries in the sporting grounds (Mercides 2013). Wha t bland and services are been offered? Snickers provides certain varieties and bland such as snickers dark chocolate this entails of an extra measure of cocoa thus providing or explaining it is dark appearance (Lukas 2012, p. 123). There is also the snickers egg which is simply a chocolate covered egg containing both

Building for a Sustainable Future Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Building for a Sustainable Future - Essay Example Strategic planning at the beginning of site investigation helps ensure that the process is technically sound, resourceful, and operating on proper time frame. There must be clear understanding of the specific regulations governing the investigation and remediation process, so that the entire operation is satisfactorily addressed (Improving Site Investigation). A structure which is economical and safe to construct is durable and has low maintenance costs. A large part of the decision to construct depends on the understanding of the nature of the ground. This understanding comes from an appreciation of the distribution of the materials in the ground and their properties. An adequate site investigation is therefore an essential part of the building project (A Client's Guide to Site Investigation). The selection of treatment technologies for a site often depends on the physical and chemical properties of the contaminants. For instance, volatile organic compounds are amenable to treatment by technologies such as soil vapor extraction or thermal desorption, because of their volatility. Conversely, metals which are not volatile and do not degrade are not usually amenable to treatment by those technologies (Treatment Technologies for Site Cleanup). Brownfield sites are real property, ... ly, metals which are not volatile and do not degrade are not usually amenable to treatment by those technologies (Treatment Technologies for Site Cleanup). Information to be included within a desk study Brownfield sites are real property, the expansion, redevelopment, or reuse of which may be complicated by the presence or potential presence of hazardous substance, pollutant or contaminant. If there is the fear that the site had borne any type of hazardous elements in the near or distant past, then it becomes necessary to have the site duly examined to find if traces of these elements exist in the soil today. The examination can be carried out by directly engaging site investigators. However, it is also necessary to ensure that the local authorities are apprised of the investigation and see if their participation is required in the investigation. Normally, statutory regulations empower states, communities and other stakeholders to work together to accomplish redevelopment of brownfields sites. These regulations also help businesses and communities adapt environment cleanup programs to the special needs of brownfields sites. Preparing brownfields sites for productive reuse requires integration of many elements. These elements mainly consist of financial issues, community involvement, liability considerations, environmental assessment and cleanup, regulatory requirements, coordination among many groups of stakeholders, etc. The assessment and cleanup of a site must be carried out in a way that integrates all these factors into the overall redevelopment process. The cleanup strategy will vary from site to site. At some sites, cleanup will be completed before the properties are transferred to the new owners. At other sites, cleanup may take place simultaneously with